▎藥明康德
編者按:截至6月27日,FDA旗下的藥物評價和研究中心(CDER)已經批準了16款創新藥,其中小分子藥物占比約60%。作為創新的賦能者、客戶信賴的合作伙伴以及全球醫藥以及全球健康產業的貢獻者,藥明康德將持續通過獨特的“CRDMO”業務模式,助力更多合作伙伴,為全球病患帶來突破性創新療法。本文將回顧在2025年上半年獲得FDA批準的新藥亮點。
兩款抗體偶聯藥物獲批
抗體偶聯藥物(ADC)將靶向特定抗原的單克隆抗體通過連接子與細胞毒性藥物等載荷連接在一起,讓載荷只能在表達特異性抗原的細胞中起作用。這一治療模式的開發目標是將細胞毒性藥物與靶向血液腫瘤或實體瘤的單克隆抗體連接在一起,精準靶向殺傷腫瘤細胞。
FDA在2025年上半年批準了兩款ADC上市。今年FDA批準的首款新藥是阿斯利康(AstraZeneca)與第一三共(Daiichi Sankyo)聯合開發的抗體偶聯藥物(datopotamab deruxtecan),用于治療無法切除或轉移性激素受體(HR)陽性、人表皮生長因子受體2(HER2)陰性的成年乳腺癌患者,這些患者曾接受過內分泌療法和化療。Datroway是一款由人源化、靶向Trop2的單克隆抗體與創新DNA拓撲異構酶I抑制劑(DXd),通過可裂解的四肽連接子偶聯生成的ADC。DXd具有獨特的作用機制,與常見化療藥物伊立替康相比,活性提高10倍。而且此藥物具有很強滲透細胞膜的能力,讓它們在殺傷吞入ADC的癌細胞之后,能夠殺死附近的癌細胞,產生“旁觀者效應”(bystander effect)。
艾伯維(AbbVie)開發的ADC藥物(telisotuzumab vedotin)在今年5月獲批上市,用于治療具有高c-Met蛋白過度表達的局部晚期或轉移性經治非鱗狀非小細胞肺癌(NSCLC)成年患者。Emrelis是一款靶向c-Met的ADC,以微管蛋白抑制劑MMAE作為毒性有效載荷。c-Met是一種在包括NSCLC在內的多種腫瘤中過度表達的受體酪氨酸激酶。
▲2017-2025年FDA批準的抗體偶聯藥物數目統計
抗體偶聯藥物是癌癥治療領域中發展最快的治療模式之一。據統計,2024年全球啟動了284項抗體偶聯藥物臨床試驗,比2023年增加了近100項,彰顯了抗體偶聯藥物領域的迅猛增長。期待隨著臨床開發的推進,更多抗體偶聯藥物在未來獲批上市。
創新不斷,“first-in-class”藥物占比50%
截至2025年6月27日,CDER已經批準了16款創新藥,其中8款為“first-in-class”藥物,占比50%,這些藥物具有獨特的作用機制。下面讓我們來看一看這些“first-in-class”療法能夠讓哪些患者獲益。
Journavx(suzetrigine):20多年來首款用于治療急性疼痛的新機制藥物
1月30日,FDA批準Vertex Pharmaceuticals公司開發的(suzetrigine)口服片劑上市,用于治療成人中度至重度急性疼痛。Journavx是一種口服選擇性NaV1.8抑制劑,通過選擇性抑制NaV1.8,干預疼痛信號傳導路徑。與阿片類藥物相比,該藥物可能在提供更好鎮痛效果的同時,避免上癮等副作用。
Blujepa(gepotidacin):近30年來首款用于治療單純性尿路感染的新機制口服抗生素
3月25日,FDA批準GSK公司開發的(gepotidacin)上市,用于治療單純性尿路感染的成人及12歲以上青少年患者。Blujepa能夠均衡抑制兩種不同的II型拓撲異構酶,從而對大多數目標病原體,包括對現有抗生素耐藥的菌株產生抗菌活性。由于能夠均衡抑制兩種酶的活性,細菌需要在兩種酶上同時出現突變才能顯著降低對Blujepa的敏感性,因此預期產生耐藥性的可能性較低。它為克服抗微生物藥物耐藥性(AMR)提供了有力的新工具。
Qfitlia(fitusiran):可治療所有血友病類型的siRNA療法
3月28日,FDA批準賽諾菲(Sanofi)和Alnylam聯合開發的siRNA療法(fitusiran)上市,用于預防或減少12歲以上血友病A和血友病B患者的出血事件,無論他們體內是否含有凝血因子VIII或IX的抑制物。Qfitlia通過降低抗凝血酶水平,從而促進凝血酶生成,重新平衡止血功能并預防出血。由于這一獨特作用機制,它可以治療多種不同類型的血友病,大大擴展了它的應用范圍。在兩項3期臨床試驗中,它只需每月一次皮下注射,就可將患者的年化出血率降低90%。在有些患者中,給藥次數可降低到每兩個月一次。
Imaavy(nipocalimab):首款用于治療全身性重癥肌無力的新生兒Fc受體阻斷劑
4月29日,FDA批準強生公司(Johnson & Johnson)開發的抗體療法(nipocalimab)上市,用于治療抗AChR、抗MuSK抗體陽性的全身性重癥肌無力(gMG)成人與12歲以上兒童患者。Imaavy通過結合新生兒Fc受體(FcRn),阻止被細胞攝入的自身抗體重新進入血液,從而在細胞內降解這些抗體。這款抗體療法有望治療多種自身抗體介導的免疫疾病。
Avmapki Fakzynja Co-pack(avutometinib與defactinib):首款獲批治療KRAS突變型復發性低級別漿液性卵巢癌的組合療法
5月8日,FDA批準Verastem Oncology公司開發的組合療法(avutometinib與defactinib)上市,用于治療復發性低級別漿液性卵巢癌(LGSOC)成年患者,這些患者曾接受過系統性治療并且其腫瘤攜帶KRAS突變。Avutometinib是一種RAF/MEK抑制劑,它能夠誘導MEK與ARAF、BRAF和CRAF形成非活性復合物,可能通過最大程度地抑制RAS信號通路產生更全面和持久的抗腫瘤反應。美國FDA曾授予avutometinib與FAK抑制劑defactinib聯用,治療所有復發的低級別漿液性卵巢癌患者(無論KRAS狀態)的突破性療法認定。
Emrelis(telisotuzumab vedotin):獲批治療c-Met高表達經治晚期非小細胞肺癌患者的首款療法
5月14日,艾伯維(AbbVie)宣布,美國FDA已加速批準抗體偶聯藥物Emrelis(telisotuzumab vedotin)上市,用于治療具有高c-Met蛋白過度表達的局部晚期或轉移性非鱗狀NSCLC成年患者,這些患者此前已接受過系統性治療。Emrelis是一款靶向c-Met的ADC,以微管蛋白抑制劑MMAE作為毒性有效載荷。c-Met是一種在包括NSCLC在內的多種腫瘤中過度表達的受體酪氨酸激酶。
Tryptyr(acoltremon):一天即可起效的干眼癥眼藥水
5月28日,FDA批準愛爾康(Alcon)公司的眼藥水(acoltremon)上市,用于治療干眼癥(DED)。Tryptyr是一款局部TRPM8激動劑。研究顯示,TRPM8的激活可刺激三叉神經信號傳導,從而促進天然淚液的分泌。在臨床試驗中,Tryptyr在使用第一天即可導致天然淚液分泌具有統計學顯著性的增加。
Andembry(garadacimab):預防遺傳性血管性水腫發作的首款因子XIIa靶向療法
6月16日,FDA批準CSL公司開發的(garadacimab)上市,用于預防成人和12歲及以上兒童患者遺傳性血管性水腫(HAE)發作。Andembry是一種抗FXIIa的單克隆抗體,特異性抑制血漿蛋白FXIIa。當FXII被激活時,會啟動導致水腫形成的級聯反應。通過靶向FXIIa,Andembry能在反應最初階段就阻斷級聯反應的信號傳導。
結語
2025年上半年CDER批準的新藥中“first-in-class”藥物占比達50%,創新不斷涌現。期待更多創新藥物在2025年獲批上市,造福全球患者。
展望未來,藥明康德將繼續秉持“讓天下沒有難做的藥,難治的病”的愿景,依托全球研發基地與生產網絡,以獨特的一體化、端到端的CRDMO模式,提供高效、靈活的解決方案,持續賦能全球合作伙伴釋放創新潛能,加速將科學突破轉化成為新藥、好藥。
附:FDA旗下CDER在2025年上半年批準的藥物列表
H1 2025 FDA Novel Drug Approvals Review: "First-in-Class" Therapies Make Up Half of All Approvals
As of June 27, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA)'s Center for Drug Evaluation and Research (CDER) had approved 16 novel drugs, with small molecule therapies accounting for approximately 60%. As an enabler of innovation, a trusted partner, and a contributor to the global pharmaceutical and life sciences industry, WuXi AppTec will continue to support its partners through its unique CRDMO business model—helping deliver breakthrough treatments to patients worldwide. This article highlights some of the key FDA-approved drugs in 2025, including antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) and "first-in-class" drugs.
ADCs are a class of targeted therapies that link monoclonal antibodies directed against specific antigens to cytotoxic payloads via linkers. This design enables selective killing of cells expressing the target antigen. Developed for hematologic and solid tumors, ADCs offer precision in tumor targeting while minimizing off-target effects.
In the first half of 2025, the FDA approved two ADCs, both for oncology indications. The first was a Trop2-targeting ADC for adult patients with unresectable or metastatic HR-positive, HER2-negative breast cancer who had previously received endocrine therapy and chemotherapy. The second, approved in May, was a c-Met-targeting ADC that delivers MMAE, a microtubule inhibitor, as the cytotoxic payload. It represents the first approved therapy for patients with c-Met overexpressing non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) who have received a prior treatment.
ADCs remain one of the fastest-growing modalities in cancer treatment. In 2024 alone, 284 global ADC clinical trials were initiated—nearly 100 more than in 2023—demonstrating strong momentum in this space. Continued clinical advancement is expected to lead to additional approvals in the near future.
Among the 16 novel drugs approved by CDER as of June 27, eight (50%) were classified as "first-in-class" therapies with novel mechanisms of action. These therapies offer new treatment options for patients with high unmet medical needs—some representing the first FDA-approved medicine for their respective indications.
One such therapy is an oral selective NaV1.8 inhibitor, the first non-opioid pain treatment of its kind. It offers effective pain relief while avoiding the addiction-related side effects associated with opioids. Another milestone is the approval of the first neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn) blocker for the treatment of generalized myasthenia gravis (gMG), expanding options for patients with antibody-positive disease.
For the c-Met overexpressing NSCLC patient population, the FDA approved the first targeted therapy. Similarly, the KRAS-mutant recurrent low-grade serous ovarian cancer (LGSOC) population now has its first FDA-approved combination therapy.
In the fight against antimicrobial resistance (AMR), the FDA approved a novel type II topoisomerase inhibitor—marking the first new oral antibiotic class in nearly three decades for the treatment of uncomplicated urinary tract infections.
Hemophilia patients also saw a breakthrough: the approval of the first siRNA therapy targeting antithrombin. By lowering antithrombin levels, the drug promotes thrombin generation and prevents bleeding. It is approved for both hemophilia A and B, regardless of whether patients have inhibitors to clotting factor VIII or IX. Importantly, it offers durable protection with just one subcutaneous injection per month.
The wave of “first-in-class” approvals in H1 2025 reflects the biopharmaceutical industry's ongoing innovation. More groundbreaking therapies are expected to receive regulatory approval in the remainder of the year—further improving outcomes for patients worldwide.
At WuXi AppTec, we remain committed to advancing transformative therapies for global patients. Together with our partners, we work toward a shared vision that “every drug can be made and every disease can be treated.”
參考資料:
[1] Novel Drug Approvals for 2025. Retrieved June 20, 2025, from https://www.fda.gov/drugs/novel-drug-approvals-fda/novel-drug-approvals-2025
[2] Global Oncology Trends 2025. Retrieved June 24, 2025, from https://www.iqvia.com/insights/the-iqvia-institute/reports-and-publications/reports/global-oncology-trends-2025
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