牙齒發黃、牙面粗糙,喝冰水、吸冷氣時敏感刺痛?這可能并非單純衰老或“上火”,而是牙齒酸蝕癥(Dental erosion)。牙齒酸蝕癥不會像蛀牙那樣容易被發現,但卻日積月累“溶解”牙齒,從變色到敏感疼痛逐漸加重,發現時往往已侵蝕多年。
很多人疑惑,自己并沒有常喝可樂,為何會得酸蝕癥?實際上,一些看似無害的飲料,對牙齒的傷害比可樂更嚴重。
Yellowed, sensitive teeth? Dental erosion — a stealth destroyer of enamel — could be silently at work, fueled not by cola alone but by deceptively harmless daily beverages.
研究發現:
果汁的腐蝕力遠超可樂
在一項發表在《PLOS ONE》的研究中,研究人員把牙齒樣本分別浸泡在各種常見飲料里,包括檸檬汁、橙汁、蘋果汁、可樂等。7天后稱重,結果很意外——
檸檬汁讓牙釉質(enamel)的質量減少最多,是可樂的4倍、無糖可樂的6倍;蘋果汁、橙汁緊隨其后,侵蝕力不俗。
A
PLOS ONEstudy reveals unexpected enamel damage from daily drinks: teeth samples soaked in common beverages showed lemon juice caused four times greater enamel loss than cola — and six times more than diet cola — with apple and orange juices also proving potent erosive agents.
圖片來源:丁香醫生
另一項研究則模擬口腔環境及唾液沖刷效果,按日常飲用頻率測試了不同酸性飲料對牙釉質的侵蝕能力。結果同樣發現,檸檬酸(Citric acid)溶液和橙汁對牙釉質侵蝕最大。
其實檸檬汁/檸檬酸傷牙,主要是因為它的以下特性——
酸性極強:pH值在2~3,遠低于牙釉質臨界值;
螯合作用:檸檬酸會“抓取”鈣離子,加速牙齒鈣流失;
無保護物質:缺少再礦化因子,無法緩沖酸性;
黏附時間長:黏度更高,附著在牙面不易被清除。
Another study tested acidic drinks' erosive effects on enamel factoring in saliva flow and consumption frequency. Results confirmed lemon juice and orange juice as top enamel destroyers.
多數常見水果含檸檬酸等有機酸(Organic acids),同樣傷牙,只是程度較輕。不少家長因認為碳酸飲料傷牙,特意給孩子打果汁,但國內調查顯示,每周喝1~3次果汁的兒童,患牙酸蝕癥風險是不喝者的3.13倍。
Most fruits containing citric acid pose similar risks at lower intensity. Parents switching children from soda to fruit juice may triple dental erosion risk — domestic data shows juice consumers face 3.13 times higher odds of enamel damage than abstainers.
果汁等飲料常隱藏在 “健康習慣” 中悄悄腐蝕牙齒——
?早起先喝杯檸檬水,啟動身體;
?上班來杯橙C美式,提神醒腦;
?奶茶愛點暴打檸檬,清爽低脂;
?飯后來杯鮮榨果汁,補充維C。
安全≠多喝無害 這些飲料建議少喝
不少人認為不喝檸檬汁、果汁牙齒就安全了,但檸檬酸早已滲入生活:超市里的果味飲料、維生素水、運動飲料、調味茶、碳酸汽水等,配料表中幾乎都有檸檬酸(或其化名E330)。
檸檬酸(Citric acid)是常用食品添加劑,能調酸(pH adjustment)、增味(flavor enhancement)、防腐(preservation),安全且成本低,因此被廣泛用于飲料。但安全不代表多喝無害,喝太多太頻,它就成了 “傷牙鈍刀”,前文中提及的腐蝕力較重的非果汁飲料大多含它。
Widely used as a safe, low-cost additive for flavoring and preservation, citric acid dominates beverages despite its insidious threat to enamel. As identified in prior research, most highly erosive non-juice drinks contain this compound — turning frequent consumption into a slow-motion dental hazard.
此外,很多飲料還含大量糖和磷酸(phosphoric-acid)等酸性成分,同樣傷牙。研究顯示,106種市售飲料中,99種呈酸性,35種pH值在3.0~3.99之間。而牙齒對酸很敏感,pH<5.5,牙齒開始脫礦(Tooth demineralization);pH<3,可能引發重度腐蝕。
Compounding the risk, sugary and phosphoric-acid-laden drinks also assault teeth. Market analysis reveals 99 of 106 commercial beverages tested were acidic, with 35 falling within pH 3.0-3.99 — far surpassing enamel's critical demineralization threshold of pH 5.5 and approaching severe erosion levels at pH<3.
圖片來源:丁香設計
為了保持牙齒健康,這份傷牙飲料表和護牙建議表快收好~
編輯:李雪晴
實習生:李然
來源:人民日報 科普中國 丁香醫生
China Daily精讀計劃
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