編者按：2025年7月初，金磚國家領導人峰會將在巴西召開。為預熱峰會，5月28-30日，由巴西利亞大學、進步國際組織、盧森堡基金會、巴西金磚政策中心、巴西社會經(jīng)濟研究院（INESC）和巴西民族一體化網(wǎng)絡組織（REBRIP）聯(lián)合在巴西首都巴西利亞主辦“金磚優(yōu)勢”主題國際研討會。來自30多個新興經(jīng)濟體國家前高官、專家與社會活動人士出席。中國人民大學重陽金融研究院院長、全球領導力學院院長王文受邀在開幕式上做了英文主題演講。現(xiàn)將演講稿中英文內容獨家發(fā)布如下： （中英文全文約9000字，預計閱讀時間20分鐘）

▲“金磚優(yōu)勢”主題國際研討會議程海報

尊敬的各位學者、同仁：

大家好！

很榮幸能在美麗的巴西與來自30多個新興經(jīng)濟體的思想者齊聚一堂。

今天，我們探討的不僅是一個經(jīng)濟合作機制的未來，更是關乎21世紀人類文明發(fā)展方向的重大命題。金磚國家從經(jīng)濟概念成長為全球治理的關鍵力量，其意義早已超越金磚地緣邊界——它代表著占世界人口50%的新興力量對全球秩序的重構，更承載著南南合作范式創(chuàng)新的歷史使命。

正如剛才南非外長Naledi Pandor女士所說，世界正處在拐點，金磚國家正在推動著世界的破局與國際的重構。

在我看來，金磚機制至少產(chǎn)生了三大革命性的國際貢獻。

一是打破單極霸權，推動全球權力結構的根本性調整。

當金磚國家在2009年首次峰會提出“推動國際金融機構改革”時，IMF份額改革已停滯十多年。當前，新開發(fā)銀行（NDB）累計批準項目超300億美元，應急儲備安排（CRA）構建起1000億美元的安全網(wǎng)。這些改革正在用行動證明：全球治理不需要永遠由少數(shù)國家壟斷。金磚國家推動國際貨幣基金組織份額改革、在世貿組織捍衛(wèi)發(fā)展中國家的“特殊與差別待遇”，實質是在改寫過去一百多年來由西方制定的全球規(guī)則制定權分配邏輯。

二是創(chuàng)新文明對話，努力超越“中心-邊緣”的交往范式。

過去十多年，我們正在見證人類歷史上首個非西方主導的多邊合作機制的日益成熟。金磚國家在數(shù)字經(jīng)濟領域的技術標準互認（如5G頻譜協(xié)調）、金磚疫苗研發(fā)中心的聯(lián)合攻關、遙感衛(wèi)星星座的數(shù)據(jù)共享，標志著知識生產(chǎn)體系從單向輸出轉向多向協(xié)同。更重要的是，這種合作始終遵循“非正式性、漸進性和協(xié)商一致”原則——這正是東方文明“和而不同”智慧的現(xiàn)代實踐。

三是重塑發(fā)展倫理，全力證明現(xiàn)代化道路的多樣性。

當金磚國家用15年時間將相互貿易額提升300%、卻未效仿西方傳統(tǒng)自貿區(qū)建立統(tǒng)一關稅同盟時，恰恰體現(xiàn)了對發(fā)展自主性的尊重。中國特色社會主義市場經(jīng)濟、印度數(shù)字公共基礎設施供給、巴西生物能源革命、南非社區(qū)醫(yī)療模式、俄羅斯北極開發(fā)經(jīng)驗，都共同構成了“多元現(xiàn)代性”的生動圖譜。這種非意識形態(tài)化的務實合作，為人類破解增長與分配、效率與公平的永恒難題提供了新思路。

種種跡象都在表明，金磚機制擁有比西方G7機制更包容、更有效、更開放的領先優(yōu)勢。19世紀末，美國成為世界第一大經(jīng)濟體，70多年后，G7機制才產(chǎn)生，至今卻仍是封閉保守固化的。

相比之下，金磚機制從提出到現(xiàn)在才20年左右，卻已完成了許多重大的變革與演進。這種優(yōu)勢是此前多數(shù)人沒有想到的。

當然，我們不得不承認當前金磚機制仍面臨著暗礁與風暴。直述金磚的現(xiàn)實挑戰(zhàn)，不是為了表達我們的悲觀，恰恰相反，是為了表達我們的自信。

金磚目前的最大挑戰(zhàn)在于如何推動機制化同時保持靈活性的張力。

金磚目前仍屬“論壇型”合作機制。新開發(fā)銀行僅占全球多邊開發(fā)機構融資規(guī)模的3%。當金磚成員國從5個擴容至10個，如何在決策效率與代表性之間平衡？如何在糧食安全、氣候融資等具體領域建立有約束力的行動框架？這考驗著我們的制度設計智慧。

第二個挑戰(zhàn)是金磚發(fā)展權與其話語權的結構性矛盾。

盡管金磚國家貢獻了全球經(jīng)濟增長的50%，但在世界銀行投票權僅占13.24%，在SWIFT系統(tǒng)中本幣結算占比不足5%。更嚴峻的是，某些國家將技術標準、產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈審查泛安全化，僅2023年，金磚國家的企業(yè)就遭遇超過100起“長臂管轄”制裁。這揭示了一個殘酷現(xiàn)實：國際體系的存量既得利益者的反制，可能比預期更劇烈。

第三個挑戰(zhàn)是金磚價值共識與利益分歧的辯證關系。

金磚成員國在烏克蘭危機上的不同立場、在貿易補貼政策上的技術爭議提醒我們，新興經(jīng)濟體不是同質化整體。當南非人均GDP僅是中國的1/4、印度的能源進口依賴度達90%，如何協(xié)調短期訴求與長遠愿景？這需要超越傳統(tǒng)地緣政治思維的戰(zhàn)略耐心。

▲會議現(xiàn)場

由此看，我們需要努力合作，推動金磚國家繼續(xù)跨越斷層線，探索構建金磚合作2.0版的務實路徑。在我看來，至少有三點務實的建議值得與大家分享。

第一，建議打造金磚“三個共同體”的實體支柱。即糧食能源共同體。努力推動金磚建立聯(lián)合儲備機制，建成覆蓋小麥、玉米、化肥的戰(zhàn)略儲備庫，開發(fā)金磚農業(yè)科技聯(lián)合攻關計劃。數(shù)字創(chuàng)新共同體。努力推廣印度統(tǒng)一支付接口（UPI）與中國跨境支付系統(tǒng)（CIPS）的互聯(lián)互通，在6G、量子計算領域設立金磚聯(lián)合實驗室。綠色金融共同體，努力發(fā)行“碳中和”特別提款權，2027年前實現(xiàn)新開發(fā)銀行綠色項目占比超60%。

第二，建議構建金磚“雙循環(huán)”制度網(wǎng)絡。在內部循環(huán)方面，可以試點金磚自貿區(qū)早期收獲計劃，在電動汽車、醫(yī)療器械等5個領域率先實現(xiàn)原產(chǎn)地規(guī)則互認。在外部循環(huán)方面，與非盟、東盟建立“金磚+”政策協(xié)調機制。

第三，建議創(chuàng)新金磚文明互鑒實踐平臺。我們可以設立金磚文化遺產(chǎn)數(shù)字圖書館，每年發(fā)布《金磚多元現(xiàn)代性發(fā)展報告》，支持成員國高校聯(lián)合開設“全球南方研究”學科體系。更重要的是，要用金磚國家在減貧（中國）、社區(qū)醫(yī)療（南非）、數(shù)字治理（印度）等領域的成功實踐，建構不同于新自由主義的敘事話語。

最后，我想說，讓人類歷史的創(chuàng)新火炬照亮未來吧。

各位同仁，當19世紀末柏林會議用一把直尺分割非洲時，他們不會想到，一個半世紀后在巴西高原上，曾被邊緣化的國家正在重新闡釋全球治理的語法。

金磚合作本質上是一場靜悄悄的革命。它不是要摧毀現(xiàn)有體系，而是證明世界完全可以在相互尊重中實現(xiàn)共同進化。

正如亞馬孫雨林中不同樹種通過地下菌根網(wǎng)絡共享養(yǎng)分。讓我們以這種智慧為指引，構建真正包容、可持續(xù)的人類文明新形態(tài)。

當我們的后代回望這個時代時，愿他們記住。在歷史的十字路口，有一群來自“全球南方”的思想者與實踐者，選擇用合作而非對抗，書寫了人類新的可能。

謝謝大家！

▲會場

● 以下為演講英文版

BRICS Cooperation: Reshaping the New Global Governance Order and Drawing a New Picture of Human Civilization

——Keynote Speech at the BRICS Academic Conference in Brazil

Wang Wen

Dear scholars and colleagues:

Hello everyone!

It is a great honor to gather with thinkers from more than 30 emerging economies in beautiful Brazil.

Today, we are discussing not only the future of an economic cooperation mechanism, but also a major proposition concerning the development direction of human civilization in the 21st century.

The BRICS countries have grown from an economic concept to a key force in global governance, and their significance has long surpassed the BRICS geopolitical boundaries - it represents the reconstruction of the global order by emerging forces accounting for 50% of the world's population, and carries the historical mission of innovation in the South-South cooperation paradigm.

1. Breaking the deadlock and reconstruction: Three revolutionary contributions of the BRICS mechanism

(I) Breaking the unipolar hegemony: fundamental adjustment of the global power structure

When the BRICS countries proposed "promoting the reform of international financial institutions" at the first summit in 2009, the IMF quota reform had been stagnant for ten years. Today, the New Development Bank (NDB) has approved projects totaling over $30 billion, and the Contingent Reserve Arrangement (CRA) has built a $100 billion safety net, proving with action that global governance does not need to be monopolized by a few countries forever.

The BRICS countries have promoted the reform of the IMF quota and defended the "special and differential treatment" of developing countries in the WTO, which is essentially rewriting the logic of the global rule-making power distribution over the past 100 years.

(II) Innovative civilization dialogue: Beyond the "center-periphery" communication paradigm

We are witnessing the maturity of the first non-Western-led multilateral cooperation mechanism in human history. The mutual recognition of technical standards in the digital economy among BRICS countries (such as 5G spectrum coordination), the joint research of the BRICS vaccine research and development center, and the data sharing of remote sensing satellite constellations mark the shift of the knowledge production system from one-way output to multi-directional coordination.

More importantly, this cooperation always follows the principles of "informality, gradualism and consensus" - this is the modern practice of the wisdom of "harmony but difference" in Eastern civilization.

(III) Reshaping the ethics of development: Proving the diversity of the path to modernization

When the BRICS countries increased their mutual trade volume by 300% in 15 years but did not follow the traditional free trade zone to establish a unified customs union, this precisely reflects the respect for development autonomy.

China's socialist market economy, India's digital public infrastructure, Brazil's bioenergy revolution, South Africa's community medical model, and Russia's Arctic development experience together constitute a vivid map of "pluralistic modernity". This non-ideological pragmatic cooperation provides new ideas for mankind to solve the eternal problems of growth and distribution, efficiency and fairness.

2. Reefs and storms: realistic challenges facing the BRICS ship

(I) The tension between mechanism and flexibility

The BRICS is currently still a "forum-type" cooperation mechanism, and the New Development Bank only accounts for 3% of the financing scale of global multilateral development institutions. When the member countries expand from 5 to 10, how to balance decision-making efficiency and representation? How to establish a binding action framework in specific areas such as food security and climate financing? This tests our institutional design wisdom.

(II) Structural contradiction between the right to development and the right to speak

Although the BRICS countries contribute 50% of global economic growth, they only have 13.24% of the voting rights in the World Bank and less than 5% of the local currency settlement in the SWIFT system.

What is more serious is that some countries have made technical standards and industrial chain reviews universally secure. In 2023 alone, BRICS companies have encountered 127 "long-arm jurisdiction" sanctions. This reveals a cruel reality: the counterattack of the vested interests of the stock system may be more intense than expected.

(III) The dialectical relationship between value consensus and interest differences

The different positions of member countries on the Ukrainian crisis and the technical disputes on trade subsidy policies remind us that emerging economies are not homogeneous entities. When South Africa's per capita GDP is only 1/4 of China's and India's dependence on energy imports reaches 90%, how to coordinate short-term demands and long-term vision? This requires strategic patience beyond traditional geopolitical thinking.

3. Crossing the fault line: a pragmatic path to build the BRICS cooperation version 2.0

(I) Building the physical pillars of the "three communities"

1. Food and energy community: establish a joint reserve mechanism, build a 10 million ton strategic reserve covering wheat, corn and fertilizer, and develop a joint BRICS agricultural science and technology research plan.

2. Digital Innovation Community: promote the interconnection between India's unified payment interface (UPI) and China's cross-border payment system (CIPS), and set up joint laboratories in the fields of 6G and quantum computing.

3. Green Finance Community: issue "carbon neutral" special drawing rights, and achieve a green project share of more than 60% of the New Development Bank by 2027.

(II) Build a "dual circulation" system network

Internal circulation: pilot the BRICS Free Trade Zone early harvest plan, and take the lead in realizing mutual recognition of rules of origin in five fields such as electric vehicles and medical devices.

External circulation: establish a "BRICS+" policy coordination mechanism with the African Union and ASEAN.

(III) Innovate the practice platform for mutual learning among civilizations

Establish a digital library of BRICS cultural heritage, publish the "Multiple Modernities Development Report" every year, and support member countries' universities to jointly open a discipline system of "Global South Studies". More importantly, we should use the successful practices of BRICS countries in poverty reduction (China), community health (South Africa), digital governance (India) and other fields to construct a narrative discourse different from neoliberalism.

Conclusion: Let the torch of history illuminate the future

Dear colleagues, when the Berlin Conference in 1884 divided Africa with a ruler, they would not have thought that 140 years later on the Brazilian plateau, once marginalized countries were redefining the grammar of global governance.

BRICS cooperation is essentially a quiet revolution - it is not to destroy the existing system, but to prove that the world can achieve common evolution in mutual respect.

Just as different tree species in the Amazon rainforest share nutrients through underground mycorrhizal networks. Let us use this wisdom as a guide to build a truly inclusive and sustainable new form of human civilization.

When our descendants look back on this era, may they remember: at the crossroads of history, there was a group of thinkers and practitioners from the "Global South" who chose cooperation rather than confrontation and wrote new possibilities for humanity.

Thank you all!

歡迎

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RDCY

中國人民大學重陽金融研究院（人大重陽）成立于2013年1月19日，是重陽投資向中國人民大學捐贈并設立教育基金運營的主要資助項目。

作為中國特色新型智庫，人大重陽聘請了全球數(shù)十位前政要、銀行家、知名學者為高級研究員，旨在關注現(xiàn)實、建言國家、服務人民。目前，人大重陽下設7個部門、運營管理4個中心(生態(tài)金融研究中心、全球治理研究中心、中美人文交流研究中心、中俄人文交流研究中心)。近年來，人大重陽在金融發(fā)展、全球治理、大國關系、宏觀政策等研究領域在國內外均具有較高認可度。

別忘了“點贊”+“轉發(fā)”