據研究表明,初審階段被拒比例為40%-75%。復審階段被拒的概率在35%以上,下面我們從審稿人的角度分析,初審階段如何才能避免文章被拒,投稿前可以一一比對,看有沒有中槍的情況,趕緊再進行最后一波修改。
缺乏新穎性或原創性
退稿原因:稿件與現有文獻相比沒有重大進展,或者只是在略有不同的背景下復制了已知結果。
應對策略:
- 進行全面的文獻綜述,使用 PubMed、Scopus 和 Web of Science 等數據庫掃描最近的論文,找出明顯的研究空白。
- 明確闡述新穎性:不要假設審稿人會 “明白”。你需要明確說明你的研究有何不同和價值。
- 例如:“Unlike previous studies that focused on urban populations, our research examines the impact of air pollution on cardiovascular health in underrepresented rural communities using a novel data integration approach.”
- 除非增量結果對建立更大的理論或應用至關重要,否則應避免使用增量結果。
- 轉投其他適合的期刊
當新穎性有限時你能做些什么?
即使你的論文只有適度的新穎性,給審稿人精心撰寫的回復仍然可以產生很大的影響,尤其是在方法合理、結果有意義或適用的情況下。
如何有策略地回復呢?
1. 誠實地承認關注點,例如:
We thank the reviewer for pointing this out. While we acknowledge that some aspects of our study build on previous work, we believe that the application of this method in [a new population/setting/context] provides valuable insight that has not yet been fully explored.
2. 強調現實世界的影響或實用價值,例如:
Though similar methods have been used, our study addresses an urgent clinical need in underserved rural populations, where evidence-based interventions remain limited. This context adds unique relevance to our findings.
3. 加強修訂稿的框架設計,例如:
之前:"We studied the use of X in Y settings."
之后:"To our knowledge, this is the first study evaluating the effectiveness of X in low-resource rural clinics, a context previously underrepresented in the literature."
稿件結構和寫作質量差
退稿原因:論文缺乏邏輯流暢性,包含語法錯誤,或寫作方式掩蓋了科學內容。
?? 常見審稿人回復郵件
“While the study appears to address an important topic, the manuscript’s structure and language make it difficult to evaluate the scientific merit. Significant editing is required to improve readability and logical flow.”
應對策略:
- 遵循標準的 IMRaD 結構(引言、方法、結果和討論)。大多數期刊都希望采用這種布局,因為它有助于讀者和審稿人快速找到關鍵部分。
- 提綱示例:
- Introduction:What is the problem, and why is it important?
- Methods:How was the research conducted?
- Results:What did you find?
- Discussion:What do the results mean in context?
- Tip:在每個部分下添加小標題(如 “2.1 研究人群”),以提高清晰度和導航性。
- 使用清晰、簡潔、正式的科學語言。
- 向同事尋求反饋或使用專業編輯服務,尤其是在英語不是母語的情況下。
- 也可使用人工智能輔助語法工具,如 Grammarly 或 Writefull。
- 或者也可以找我們解決
- 閱讀目標期刊上發表的文章,了解其語氣和風格。
方法薄弱或實驗設計不完整
退稿原因:實驗設置有缺陷、缺乏控制,或者統計分析不足以支持結論。
?? 常見審稿人回復郵件
“We found the overall study concept interesting; however, the methodology lacks critical details, and there are concerns regarding the statistical analysis. Without clear controls and adequate sample size justification, the conclusions cannot be supported.”
應對策略:
- 說明方法選擇的合理性,并加入適當的對照。
- 回復示例:
- We thank the reviewer for this valuable feedback. We have now added a rationale for selecting the logistic regression model, which was based on the binary nature of the outcome variable and its robustness in similar prior studies (see Methods, paragraph 3).
- Tip:最好提供參考文獻以支持你所選擇的技術或工具。
- 確保樣本量充足,統計分析嚴謹且解釋清楚。
- 方法部分的例句:
- We conducted a priori power analysis using GPower 3.1, which indicated a required sample size of 85 participants per group to detect a medium effect size (d = 0.5) with 80% power at α = 0.05.*
- 另外: 一定要報告置信區間、P 值和效應大小。
- 包括適當的對照和復制。
- 例如:不要只比較患者接受治療前和治療后的情況,而應包括一個未接受治療的對照組,以排除安慰劑效應或疾病的自然進展。
- 考慮敏感性或亞組分析:為證明穩健性,可考慮在不同條件下進行分析,或報告不同亞組的結果。
- 例如:我們進行了一項敏感性分析,排除了合并癥患者,以確保觀察到的效應不是由異常值引起的。
對結果的討論或解釋不充分
退稿原因:作者僅僅重述了結果而沒有對其進行解釋,或者沒有將研究結果與現有文獻聯系起來。
?? 常見審稿人回復郵件
“The discussion lacks critical analysis and fails to position the study within the broader scientific context. The authors should interpret the significance of the findings and compare them with existing work.”
應對策略:
- 避免照搬 “結果 ”部分的句子。取而代之的是解釋結果的含義,以及這些結果如何與之前的研究保持一致或形成對比。
- 弱示例:“We found that Treatment A improved recovery time by 20%. This result is shown in Table 2.”
- 改進示例:“Treatment A significantly reduced recovery time compared to the control, consistent with the findings of Lee et al. (2021), who observed a similar trend in a younger cohort. This suggests that the intervention may be effective across age groups.”
- 與現有文獻比較,例如:
- Our findings support the meta-analysis by Zhang et al. (2020), which identified early intervention as a key factor in patient recovery. However, unlike previous studies, we observed a greater effect in male participants, which warrants further investigation.
- 誠實地討論局限性,并提出未來的發展方向。
- 例如:One limitation of our study is the relatively small sample size, which may affect generalizability. However, the consistency of our findings with larger datasets suggests the observed effect is robust.
- 提出未來方向,例如:
- Future research should explore the long-term effects of Treatment A in diverse populations, particularly in settings with limited healthcare infrastructure.
需要注意的是,見刊后仍然可能存在撤稿的情況發生,例如:一篇《Front Oncol》上的文章由于“實驗設計中的錯誤,導致結論不可靠”,從而撤稿。
不遵循期刊的投稿指南
退稿原因:不遵守期刊的投稿指南是導致論文在初審階段就被直接拒稿的一個主要原因。每個期刊都有明確的收錄范圍,限制在特定的研究領域之內。
應對策略:花費一部分時間充分閱讀期刊的內容范圍、研究領域和特定關鍵詞。同時還要注意一些期刊的特定風格:如論文字數和頁數限制;摘要格式;字數限制;錄用類型和數量;排版規范;插圖、表格和圖形說明;引用格式等。
以頂刊《Lancet》為例,我們可以登錄其網站查看具體的投稿指南。對于這類頂刊,每天會接受海量的稿件投遞,因此務必符合相應的投稿要求,不要因為一些板式要求而吃閉門羹,并且“直接拒稿”會降低期刊對稿件的表面價值及可信度。
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