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·此外,針對(duì)網(wǎng)上流傳的“不婚不育芳齡永繼”的說(shuō)法,近期有相關(guān)研究表示,不婚不育與壽命延長(zhǎng)無(wú)必然關(guān)聯(lián),其影響高度依賴(lài)個(gè)體選擇與社會(huì)支持。主動(dòng)選擇不婚不育者若保持健康習(xí)慣、建立高質(zhì)量社交關(guān)系,壽命未必受損;而婚姻與生育的“保護(hù)效應(yīng)”更多源于經(jīng)濟(jì)穩(wěn)定與情感支持。與其糾結(jié)婚育狀態(tài),不如關(guān)注規(guī)律運(yùn)動(dòng)、均衡飲食與社會(huì)聯(lián)結(jié)——這些才是長(zhǎng)壽的真正捷徑。
·根據(jù)聯(lián)合國(guó)人口司《2022年世界人口展望》報(bào)告,2021年全球女性出生時(shí)預(yù)期壽命為73.8歲,男性為68.4歲,差距達(dá)5.4年,這一差距在幾乎所有國(guó)家和地區(qū)普遍存在。西班牙阿爾卡拉大學(xué)預(yù)測(cè),到2030年,全球性別差距可能縮小至3.4年,主要原因是男性吸煙率的下降和醫(yī)療條件的改善。
參考資料:
[1] Hossin M Z. The male disadvantage in life expectancy: can we close the gender gap?[J]. International Health, 2021, 13(5): 482-484.
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[4] Barrett E L B, Richardson D S. Sex differences in telomeres and lifespan[J]. Aging cell, 2011, 10(6): 913-921.
[5] Ingemarsson I. Gender aspects of preterm birth[J]. BJOG: an international journal of obstetrics and gynaecology, 2003, 110: 34-38.
[6] Lema?tre J F, Ronget V, Tidière M, et al. Sex differences in adult lifespan and aging rates of mortality across wild mammals[J]. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 2020, 117(15): 8546-8553.
[7] Gordon C A, Madamanchi N R, Runge M S, et al. Effect of oxidative stress on telomere maintenance in aortic smooth muscle cells[J]. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA)-Molecular Basis of Disease, 2022, 1868(7): 166397.
[8] Tamás V, Kocsor F, Gyuris P, et al. The young male syndrome—An analysis of sex, age, risk taking and mortality in patients with severe traumatic brain injuries[J]. Frontiers in neurology, 2019: 366.
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