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一、項目背景 | RESIDENTIAL DESIGN

香格里拉先鋒書店位于小中甸鎮的吳公村，是用三棟傳統藏房改造而成。這三棟藏房屬于中甸地區常見的“閃片房”。這種藏式民居獨見于雨雪豐沛的香格里拉高寒壩區，是藏族農牧文明適應氣候環境，就地取材，因地制宜的典型代表。“閃片房”在大地上構成聚落的方式和漢族的院落式民居很不一樣。因為用地相當闊綽，這些藏房的夯土院墻區隔開家院和大自然，而非區隔鄰我。每個房子似乎都是獨立地長在大地上，鄰里關系對這些聚落的形態影響很小。中甸地區的“閃片房”大致都順著壩子的方向坐北朝南，松散錯落地鋪陳于曠野，從天上看，像一群遷徙中的牦牛。先鋒書店的這三棟藏房也是如此，雖然都大致朝向東南，但是大概因為場地東高西低的細微起伏，每個房子為了盡可能減少土方量，適應局部的微地形各自擺出一個角度。

Shangri-la Pioneer Bookstore is located in Wugong Village, Xiaozhongdian Town. It was transformed from three traditional Tibetan houses. These three Tibetan houses belong to the common "flash-film houses" in Zhongdian area. This kind of Tibetan-style residence is unique to the high-altitude and cold dam area of Shangri-La, which is rich in rain and snow. It is a typical representative of the Tibetan agricultural and pastoral civilization's adaptation to the climate and environment, using local materials and adapting to local conditions. The way "flash-film houses" form settlements on the land is quite different from the courtyard-style residences of the Han people. Because the land is quite generous, the rammed earth walls of these Tibetan houses separate the courtyards from nature rather than from the neighbors. Each house seems to grow independently on the earth, and neighborhood relations have little influence on the form of these settlements. The "flash houses" in Zhongdian area are mostly laid out in a loose and staggered manner along the direction of the plain, facing south with their backs to the north. From the sky, they look like a group of migrating yaks. The three Tibetan houses of the Pioneer Bookstore are no different. Although they all face southeast roughly, due to the slight undulations of the site that are higher in the east and lower in the west, each house is arranged at a different Angle to minimize earthwork and adapt to the local micro-terrain as much as possible.

二、設計策略 | RESIDENTIAL DESIGN

這三棟藏房雖已老舊，但主體木構沒有蟲蛀腐壞，從結構受力上看也有相當的冗余。三棟藏房完好地保留了電氣化時代以前香格里拉地區農牧生活的場景，我們也有責任把它們當作中甸地區的文化遺產來活化利用，把藏房和旁邊的田野牧場本身當作一個人類學的文本，引導未來造訪書店的游客和讀者感受并理解這片大地。書店應該是知性的建筑。

從功能性的角度，這三個藏房主要毛病在于屋頂。“閃片房”的“木閃片”是用盛產于香格里拉大森林里的冷杉木制成。 冷杉木“組織疏松、木紋順直；用楔劈法手工劈成一片片厚2—3厘米，寬約20厘米，長約90—120厘米的木片，即 ‘閃片’。劈后的 ‘閃片’ 板面有一條條自然的細長小溝，有利排水。但時間長了還是會腐壞。當地民間甚至有一種說法：祖輩蓋的房子越大，子孫的負擔越大。主要就是因為“木閃片”其實價格不菲，維修更換是一個長期的負擔。先鋒書店的三棟藏房就是因為長期閑置失修，“閃片”屋頂早已千瘡百孔，無法抵御雨雪的侵蝕，以至于部分夯土墻都有開裂坍塌的跡象。因此，本地大多數新建藏房的坡屋面都已經被輕質的鐵皮頂替代，“閃片”已經退化成裝飾性或“風貌性”的存在。

Although these three Tibetan houses are old, the main wooden structures have not been damaged by insect infestation and there is considerable redundancy in terms of structural force. The three Tibetan houses have perfectly preserved the scenes of agricultural and pastoral life in the Shangri-La region before the electrification era. We also have the responsibility to revitalize and utilize them as cultural heritage of the Zhongdian area, and take the Tibetan houses and the adjacent fields and pastures themselves as an anthropological text, guiding future visitors and readers to the bookstore to feel and understand this land. A bookstore should be an intellectual building.

From a functional perspective, the main problem with these three Tibetan rooms lies in the roof. The "wooden sequins" in the "sequin Room" are made of fir wood, which is abundant in the Shangri-La Forest. Fir wood has a loose structure and straight wood grain. The wood chips are hand-split into pieces that are 2 to 3 centimeters thick, about 20 centimeters wide and about 90 to 120 centimeters long by the wedge splitting method, which are called "flash chips". The surface of the split 'shrapnel' board has natural and slender small grooves, which are conducive to drainage. But it will still go bad over time. There is even a saying among the local people: The larger the house built by the ancestors, the greater the burden on the descendants. The main reason is that "wooden flashers" are actually quite expensive, and their maintenance and replacement are a long-term burden. The three Tibetan houses of the Pioneer Bookstore have been left idle and in disrepair for a long time. The "flash tile" roofs are already full of holes and cannot withstand the erosion of rain and snow. As a result, some of the rammed earth walls show signs of cracking and collapse. Therefore, the pitched roofs of most newly-built Tibetan houses in the local area have been replaced by lightweight iron sheet roofs, and the "glitter" has degenerated into a decorative or "stylistic" presence.

高原陽光強烈，冬季經常晴空萬里，新式的藏房民居都已經發展出成熟的陽光房體系。常見的做法是用玻璃把整個朝南的院子罩起來，形成一個大溫室來給房子內部加溫。這種做法近幾年越發普及和成熟，以至于在作為州府的香格里拉市，陽光房已經成為所有新建民居的標配。這種我們可以稱之為當代鄉土建筑的做法啟發了我們改造這三個藏房的主要策略。

從藏房到書店，建筑的使用場景從牧民的家屋變成了公共空間。首先要改善室內過于幽暗的狀態，讓更多的陽光進入建筑內部。民間的經驗已經證明，陽光房適合香格里拉漫長的冬季，于是我們決定在藏房原來的木結構上直接放置一個輕鋼結構的屋頂，用可以選擇透光度的陽光板替代“木閃片”，然后在陽光板下設置電動窗簾，根據天氣條件來調節進入室內的光線。屋面的坡度遵照“閃片房”的原始形態，坡屋頂深遠的出挑也要保留，才能繼續保護夯土墻不受雨水侵害。這樣從外觀上看，藏房長在大地上的姿態沒有明顯的改變，只是屋面的材料更輕薄一點。曾經隱藏在暗處的家屋突然沐浴在陽光里，傳統藏房里的生活現場像博物館里的藏品被打亮，同時又轉化為另一種公共性的日常。我想這可以成為一個鄉村書店最恰如其分的表達。

The plateau enjoys intense sunlight and often has clear blue skies in winter. Modern Tibetan houses have all developed mature sunroom systems. A common practice is to cover the entire south-facing yard with glass to form a large greenhouse to heat up the interior of the house. This practice has become increasingly popular and mature in recent years, to the extent that in Shangri-La, the capital of the state, sunrooms have become standard equipment for all newly-built residences. This approach, which we can call contemporary rural architecture, has inspired our main strategy for renovating these three Tibetan houses.

From Tibetan houses to bookstores, the usage scenarios of buildings have changed from herdsmen's houses to public Spaces. First of all, it is necessary to improve the overly dim state indoors and allow more sunlight to enter the interior of the building. Folk experience has proved that sunrooms are suitable for the long winter in Shangri-La. Therefore, we decided to directly place a light steel structure roof on the original wooden structure of the Tibetan house, replace the "wooden sequels" with polycarbonate sheets that can be selected for light transmission, and then set up electric curtains under the polycarbonate sheets to adjust the light entering the room according to the weather conditions. The slope of the roof follows the original form of the "flash house", and the deep overhangs of the pitched roof should also be retained to continue protecting the rammed earth walls from rain damage. From this perspective, the posture of the Tibetan house growing on the ground has not changed significantly; it's just that the material of the roof is a bit thinner and lighter. The house that had once been hidden in the dark was suddenly bathed in sunlight. The life scene in the traditional vault was illuminated like the collections in a museum, while at the same time transforming into another kind of public daily life. I think this can be the most appropriate expression for a rural bookstore.

三、空間調性 | RESIDENTIAL DESIGN

書店團隊把三個藏房從東到西分別定義為書店、文創品店和咖啡館。我們于是根據這三種不同的使用需求來修改藏房原有的空間。書店需要一個一錘定音的大空間，以一個“文字廟宇”（于堅語）的空間表情來回應到訪者的期待。雖然吳公村距離高鐵站和高速路口都只有半小時的車程，但小中甸還沒有成為一個流量密集的目的地，大多數客人都是專程探訪。我們于是在第一個藏房的中心切出一個兩層挑高的中庭，書架貼墻而立，周圈的木結構形成二層的跑馬廊，所有的書籍都在近人尺度，方便取閱。

咖啡館需要強化其經營屬性，二層空間明亮舒適但不夠用；地面層的牲口棚太矮，幽閉而壓抑。于是我們把牲口棚的地面挖下去四十五公分，夯土墻底部基礎放大一圈兒成為坐凳，原來用作柱礎的石墩被新澆筑的混凝土方墩承托起來，牲口棚因此意外地收獲了一個被托舉陳列的效果。咖啡館不需要完整的大空間，老藏房的房間劃分正好為咖啡館提供了空間分區和空間場景，尤其是火塘周圍的起居空間——神龕、壁畫、木制窗套和水亭——本身就耐人尋味。

The bookstore team defined the three Tibetan houses from east to west as a bookstore, a cultural and creative products store, and a cafe respectively. So we modified the original space of the Tibetan house according to these three different usage requirements. The bookstore needs a decisive large space to respond to the expectations of visitors with the spatial expression of a "temple of words" (Yu Jianyu). Although Wugong Village is only a half-hour drive from both the high-speed railway station and the expressway entrance, Xiaozhongdian has not yet become a destination with a high volume of traffic. Most of the guests come here especially for a visit. So we cut out a two-story high atrium in the center of the first Tibetan room. The bookshelves stand against the wall, and the surrounding wooden structure forms a two-story horse-riding corridor. All the books are within a close distance, making it convenient to read.

The cafe needs to strengthen its business attributes. The second floor space is bright and comfortable but not sufficient. The barn on the ground floor is too low, cramped and oppressive. So we dug down the ground of the barn by 45 centimeters. The foundation at the bottom of the rammed earth wall was enlarged by a circle to become benches. The stone piers that were originally used as column bases were supported by newly poured concrete square piers. As a result, the barn unexpectedly achieved the effect of being lifted and displayed. A cafe doesn't need a complete large space. The room division of the old Tibetan house precisely provides spatial zoning and spatial scenes for the cafe. Especially the living space around the fireplace - shrines, murals, wooden window casings and water pavilions - is intriguing in itself.

項目名稱：香格里拉先鋒書店

項目功能：書店

項目地點：中國云南省迪慶藏族自治區小中甸鎮吳公村

設計時間：2022.5-2022.10

建設時間：2022.12-2024.6

建筑面積：1513平方米

結構體系：傳統木結構、鋼結構、鋼筋混凝土結構

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