法國24小時新聞臺5月22日文章,原題:《戛納2025:特朗普關(guān)稅是否劫持了全球最繁忙的電影市場?》
今年戛納電影節(jié)上,湯姆·克魯斯帶著新片《碟中諜8:最終清算》走上紅毯。然而,今年電影節(jié)的話題焦點卻并非影星和大片,而是美國總統(tǒng)唐納德·特朗普。
一位業(yè)內(nèi)人士直言:“我們有湯姆·克魯斯走在戛納紅毯上,可大家只想談?wù)撎乩势蘸完P(guān)稅……他又一次成功地把所有焦點都拉到自己身上?!?/p>
"We've got Tom Cruise on the red carpet in Cannes and all anyone will want to talk about is Trump and tariffs. ... Once again he's succeeded in making it all about him."
紅毯風(fēng)光不敵關(guān)稅陰影
前不久,特朗普在社交平臺上宣稱“對所有在外國制作并進入美國的電影征收100%的關(guān)稅”,理由是美國電影業(yè)“正在迅速消亡”,因為越來越多的電影制作人把拍攝地點轉(zhuǎn)移到海外以獲得稅收優(yōu)惠或節(jié)省成本。
對于一個剛剛經(jīng)歷了新冠封鎖、好萊塢罷工和流媒體沖擊,還未完全恢復(fù)元氣的行業(yè)來說,這無疑又是一記重擊。盡管具體細節(jié)模糊,但這一言論足以擾亂本就不穩(wěn)定的行業(yè)信心。
US President Donald Trump's threat to drag the movie world into his trade wars has rattled an industry that is still recovering from the Covid-19 shutdown, historic Hollywood strikes and the disruption caused by streaming platforms like Netflix.
In the run-up to the festival, Trump announced a 100 percent tariff on all movies "produced in Foreign Lands" on his Truth Social platform.
湯姆·克魯斯本人對此話題避而不談。他此次帶著《碟中諜》新作重返戛納,這部影片在多個國家取景拍攝,正是特朗普所要打擊的那類海外制作。
相比之下,導(dǎo)演韋斯·安德森(Wes Anderson)則在記者會上半開玩笑地問:“那意思是,電影會被海關(guān)扣押嗎?”他的參賽片《腓尼基計劃》同樣在德國拍攝。
包括韋斯·安德森在內(nèi)的多位電影人都對特朗普計劃征收關(guān)稅的可行性表示懷疑 圖源:美聯(lián)社
導(dǎo)演理查德·林克萊特(Richard Linklater)的參賽片《新浪潮》在法國拍攝,他也毫不避諱地調(diào)侃道:“他一天能改主意五十次,我們真不用太當真。”
"Does that mean you can hold up the movie in customs?" joked Wes Anderson at the press conference for his star-studded competition entry
The Phoenician Scheme, which was shot at Studio Babelsberg in Germany.
"That's not going to happen, right? The guy changes his mind like 50 times in one day," added Richard Linklater, whose competition entry
Nouvelle Vaguewas shot in France.
電影市場降溫
戛納電影節(jié)不僅是影壇盛事,更是全球最重要的電影交易市場之一。在電影節(jié)的第二周,熱鬧漸歇。
大多數(shù)展位已經(jīng)清空,只剩下零星幾家還在堅持。美國獨立電影發(fā)行商加州影業(yè)(California Pictures)的市場負責(zé)人詹妮弗·瑪戈·吉隆(Jenniffer Margo Giron)認為,特朗普的關(guān)稅計劃帶來的不確定性,是導(dǎo)致獨立電影市場表現(xiàn)平平的原因之一?!瓣┘{永遠是我們行業(yè)最重要的舞臺。但現(xiàn)在有人開玩笑說,在旁邊的賭場賺的錢都比在這兒賣電影多。”
"Cannes will always be the top venue for our industry. You can't miss out on the market," she said. "But nowadays you hear people say they make more money at the nearby casino than selling films here."
加州影業(yè)在戛納電影市場的展臺 圖源:法國24小時新聞臺
各地電影代表團的反應(yīng)各不相同
盡管特朗普意在重振美國本土電影業(yè),但他揚言要對保護歐洲電影的歐盟法規(guī)“開戰(zhàn)”,使這演變成一場“文化戰(zhàn)爭”。
5月18日,數(shù)十位歐洲電影人齊聚戛納海濱的一家咖啡館,發(fā)表聯(lián)合聲明,譴責(zé)美國政府對文化的打壓,并呼吁歐盟不要在與美貿(mào)易談判中放棄對本地電影的保護。
歐洲電影人在戛納集會抗議特朗普關(guān)稅計劃 圖源:法國24小時新聞臺
法國導(dǎo)演杰羅姆·恩里科(Jér?me Enrico)說:“歐洲電影的生死關(guān)頭到了。電影當然是產(chǎn)業(yè),但更是藝術(shù),我們不能把它當作汽車或鋼鐵那樣去談貿(mào)易?!?/p>
On Sunday, several dozen European filmmakers staged a rally at a beach café on Cannes' iconic boulevard de la Croisette, where they read a declaration denouncing the "cultural war" waged by the Trump administration.
"The very survival of Europe's film industry is at stake here," said French filmmaker Jér?me Enrico. "We don't want culture to be treated just like any commodity. Yes, it's an industry, but it's also an art form, and we can't treat cinema like cars or steel."
對亞洲電影行業(yè)來說,情況有所不同。韓國電影振興委員會代表Sejeon Hahn指出,亞洲電影圈沒有像歐洲那樣發(fā)展出跨境合拍的文化,也沒有與鄰國聯(lián)手對抗美國的本能意識。
"We haven't developed the same culture of cross-border co-productions as Europe," Sejeon Hahn of the Korean Film Council (Kofic) explained. "And we don't have the same instinct to team up with our neighbours when it comes to resisting America."
相比之下,非洲展館的氣氛要樂觀得多?!疤乩势談偘l(fā)布關(guān)稅聲明時確實讓人震驚,但電影從業(yè)者很快就開始尋找新的投資人?!狈侵尬幕瘷C構(gòu) Agence Culturelle Africaine(ACA)負責(zé)人阿米納塔·迪奧普·約翰遜(Aminata Diop Johnson)表示,“減少對美國的依賴,未必不是件好事?!?/p>
"After the initial shock of Trump's announcement, industry workers immediately started looking for other investors," said the ACA director, who has organised Cannes panels with investors from across the globe.
"Reducing our reliance on the US could actually be a good thing."
“電影藝術(shù)不該有國界”
在戛納的告別酒會上,來自巴西的制片人保拉·桑托斯(Paula Santos)和盧卡斯·桑德爾(Lucas Sander)表示,這趟戛納之行讓他們結(jié)識了不少來自亞洲的新伙伴。正值巴西加強與金磚國家合作之際,這是個很好的契機。
桑德爾感嘆道:“特朗普想要給電影劃上國界,這不只是電影行業(yè)的噩夢,更是對文化和多樣性的打擊。”
"Trying to put borders in the movie world, like Trump wants to do, is not just bad for our industry," added Sander. "It's also a way of attacking culture and diversity."
編輯:左卓
見習(xí)編輯:裴禧盈
來源:法國24小時新聞臺
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