在這項最新研究中，研究團隊報告了在細菌和噬菌體基因組中發現的長鏈非編碼 RNAROOL形成的兩種天然 RNA 納米籠的結構。

長鏈非編碼 RNA（lncRNA），是長度大于 200 個核苷酸的非編碼 RNA，它們通常不編碼蛋白質，廣泛存在于真核生物、細菌以及病毒中，在生命活動的諸多方面發揮著重要的調控作用。

通過比較基因組學分析，在細菌和噬菌體中已鑒定出 20 多類 lncRNA，但它們的生物學功能在很大程度上仍未被探索。由于大多數 lncRNA 的尺寸較大，其結構決定因素也仍未得到表征。

2025 年 6 月 16 日，復旦大學麻錦彪教授、Xiaobin Ling，馬薩諸塞大學醫學院Wenwen Fang等人在國際頂尖學術期刊Nature上發表了題為：Cryo-EM structure of a natural RNA nanocage的研究論文。

該研究解析了在細菌和噬菌體基因組中發現的長鏈非編碼 RNAROOL形成的兩種天然 RNA 納米籠的高分辨率冷凍電鏡結構，這項研究結果或可用于設計新型 RNA 納米籠，作為研究和治療應用的 RNA 載體。

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在這項最新研究中，研究團隊報告了在細菌和噬菌體基因組中發現的長鏈非編碼 RNAROOL形成的兩種天然 RNA 納米籠的結構。

~2.9? 分辨率的冷凍電鏡（cryo-EM）結構顯示，ROOL RNA 形成一個直徑為 28 納米、軸向長度為 20 納米的八聚體納米籠，其內部中空區域存在排列無序區。該八聚體通過眾多三級和四級相互作用得以穩定，其中包括三鏈 A型小溝（A-minor），研究團隊提議將其命名為“A型小溝訂書釘”（A-minor staple）。在~3.2?的分辨率下，孤立的 ROOL 單體的結構表明，納米籠的組裝涉及一種鏈交換機制，從而形成四級親吻環。

最后，研究團隊證明了與 RNA適配體、tRNA 或 microRNA 融合的 ROOL RNA 能夠保持其結構，形成一個具有徑向展示貨物的納米籠。

這項研究結果或許能夠用于設計新型 RNA 納米籠，作為研究和治療應用的 RNA 載體。