編者按：

文章講述了在鄉(xiāng)村老齡化、空心化日益嚴峻的現(xiàn)實背景下，山東省沂源縣以“為農(nóng)民種地、為農(nóng)民養(yǎng)老”為宗旨，探索構建“沂源紅”幸福家園民生綜合體，集長者食堂、便民浴室、衛(wèi)生室、超市和理發(fā)室等功能于一體，全縣已建成230處，實現(xiàn)養(yǎng)老服務全覆蓋，成為中國式現(xiàn)代化進程中的基層善政典范。

記者實地走訪沂源多個民生綜合體及配套設施，與縣領導、老年人、基層干部、平臺運營方深入交流，發(fā)現(xiàn)該模式將農(nóng)村養(yǎng)老問題與農(nóng)業(yè)現(xiàn)代化有機結合，打通了產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展與公共服務之間的內(nèi)循環(huán)，展現(xiàn)出一種將“發(fā)展權”與“生存權”并重的人權實踐。文章挖掘了“沂源模式”背后的制度創(chuàng)新與人本關懷，講述新時代中國如何通過制度設計回應人民最真實的需要，展示真實、立體、全面的中國人權故事。

報道發(fā)出后，被海外媒體轉(zhuǎn)引超300篇次，引起了海外網(wǎng)友的討論。一位外國網(wǎng)友看過文章后在臉書平臺留言表示，“多么美好的國家”，也有網(wǎng)友表示，“非常美麗的圖景，讓人感到振奮。”

摘要：

山東沂源縣民生綜合體里的“種地”與“養(yǎng)老”——中國式現(xiàn)代化路徑中的基層樣本

許福榮的生活從未如此幸福。

這位86歲的南麻街道南劉莊村村民每天上午簡單打掃完家里的衛(wèi)生，便和90歲的老伴一起，步行十分鐘，穿過村里兩條街道，來到位于村委會對面的“沂源紅”幸福家園民生綜合體的“長者食堂”。

這座食堂在炎炎夏日里像是一處涼爽的避風港。上午十點多，已經(jīng)陸續(xù)聚集了十來位老人等待午餐開餐，大家邊乘涼邊聊著家長里短，熱鬧中透著悠閑與自在。

廚房內(nèi)，兩名廚師正在忙碌。熱騰騰的菜剛剛出鍋，許福榮老人只需花費1元，就可以享用到滿滿兩碗菜（豆芽炒豬肉和洋蔥炒雞蛋）、一碗小米粥和兩個饅頭，既簡單又合當?shù)乩先丝谖丁?/p>

“在這里吃飯，實在是太方便了，以前自己做飯麻煩，兒女也常常不在身邊，我們老兩口有時候隨便對付一口就過去了。現(xiàn)在不僅吃得好，也能經(jīng)常和老姐妹們聊聊天，”許福榮笑著、充滿感激地說道。

像許福榮一樣生活發(fā)生明顯改善的老人還有數(shù)萬人。

南劉莊村所在的山東省淄博市沂源縣，正是中國廣大山區(qū)農(nóng)村面臨老齡化、空心化的典型代表。全縣常住人口約51.5萬，其中60歲以上的老年人口占比接近26%，高于全國平均水平。

此外，沂源縣地處山東中部山區(qū)，沂蒙山腹地，丘陵地帶占比高達99%以上，農(nóng)業(yè)以種植蘋果、桃、櫻桃等林果為主，是一個典型的山區(qū)農(nóng)業(yè)縣。這里交通不便，老年人口留守問題突出，傳統(tǒng)養(yǎng)老服務難以有效覆蓋。

為了應對這些現(xiàn)實難題，近年來，沂源縣創(chuàng)造性地提出了“為農(nóng)民種地，為農(nóng)民養(yǎng)老”的新模式——建設“沂源紅”幸福家園民生綜合體，集長者食堂、便民浴室、衛(wèi)生室、超市和理發(fā)室等功能于一體，成為一種有效解決農(nóng)村養(yǎng)老問題的基層樣本。

2022年正式啟動建設以來，通過財政投入、資源整合、平臺運作、村集體反哺等方式，沂源全域已經(jīng)建設運營“沂源紅”幸福家園民生綜合體230處、助餐服務點168處，實現(xiàn)全縣446個行政村養(yǎng)老服務全覆蓋，有效實現(xiàn)了由農(nóng)村“多難”向全面振興“多贏”的轉(zhuǎn)變。

記者近日實地走訪沂源縣多處民生綜合體，與縣級領導、村干部、老年人和平臺運營人員深入交流后發(fā)現(xiàn)，這一模式巧妙地將農(nóng)村養(yǎng)老服務與農(nóng)業(yè)現(xiàn)代化有效銜接，打通了公共服務與集體產(chǎn)業(yè)之間的內(nèi)循環(huán)機制，不僅回應了農(nóng)村老齡化的現(xiàn)實難題，也探索出一種將“生存權”與“發(fā)展權”相統(tǒng)一的基層治理實踐。

村里開了食堂

當許福榮和她的老朋友們坐在食堂的長桌兩側(cè)享用午餐時，送餐員許立紅已經(jīng)穿上醒目的紅馬甲，騎上電動自行車出發(fā)了。

她穿過蜿蜒的山村街道，來到了一對行動不便的老夫妻家中，為他們送來長者食堂的“外賣”。這是南劉莊村民生綜合體為一些需要特殊照顧的老人特別提供的服務。

50歲的許立紅此前一直待在家里務農(nóng)，對于她來說，這份工作不僅補貼了家用，更讓她感受到自身的價值。“老人們一看到我就高興，我也特別有成就感,”她說。

距離南劉莊村不遠的范子峪村是一座小巧整潔的山村，人口只有290多人。在村中心的民生綜合體長者食堂里，房麗娟既是大廚，也是唯一的工作人員。

她一邊熟練地削著土豆一邊介紹說：“每天都有二三十位老人來吃飯，為老人們做飯，看他們在一起說笑聊天，我心里特別高興，覺得這份工作很有意義。”

但房麗娟并不是孤軍作戰(zhàn)，她的身后是“沂源紅”幸福家園民生綜合體有序的系統(tǒng)運作。

她所需的蔬菜、米面糧油，甚至一把掃帚，都來自縣里的物資集采中心，只需在手機上下單即可。每天供應的主食饅頭，則由縣城里的中央廚房流水線統(tǒng)一生產(chǎn)，在早晨七點前配送到各個村里的長者食堂。

“食堂只需簡單加工一下就能開餐，這大大降低了我們的勞動強度。”房麗娟補充道。

負責中央廚房運行的是政府支持的國有企業(yè)——山東魯中食品供應鏈有限公司。公司副總經(jīng)理李學彬告訴《環(huán)球時報》，整個中央廚房體系的運營為當?shù)鼐用駝?chuàng)造了300多個就業(yè)崗位。如今，這些標準化生產(chǎn)的優(yōu)質(zhì)產(chǎn)品還面向社會公開銷售，并為當?shù)貙W校、政府部門供餐，進一步放大了民生服務的社會效益。

在沂源大大小小230個民生綜合體中，不僅有長者食堂，還有定時開放的澡堂、衛(wèi)生室、便民超市、理發(fā)室、活動廣場等生活服務設施，為老年人、孩童提供了“一站式”的日常照護。

在沂源縣西邊的魯村鎮(zhèn)龍子峪村，村支書董方新正在和四位村民在活動室練習他們的村歌。他指了指窗外“沂源紅”幸福家園民生綜合體的小院，這里匯聚了不同功能的服務設施。在對面房間內(nèi)，鎮(zhèn)衛(wèi)生院的中醫(yī)師就在給村民進行針灸治療。

董方新告訴《環(huán)球時報》：“這些基礎服務小，但都是老百姓天天有需求、事事能用到的，我們就是要讓老人們在自己熟悉的村子里，也能享受到城里一樣的便利。”

有溫度的制度

在沂源，養(yǎng)老不是空中樓閣，而是從一頓熱飯、一次洗澡、一張床鋪這樣的小事做起。

據(jù)縣委書記張濤介紹，隨著高齡、空巢、留守老年人不斷增多，山村養(yǎng)老面臨吃飯難、照料難、種地難等現(xiàn)實困境。許多老人“將就一頓是一頓”，行動不便者生活起居、就醫(yī)購物舉步維艱，而在以果樹為主的丘陵地區(qū)，不少農(nóng)民因年邁無力管護果園，收入和生活質(zhì)量雙雙受限。

“一個村子都養(yǎng)不起一個理發(fā)店，這怎么辦？”張濤說，在項目開展前，進行了逐村逐戶 8 輪摸底調(diào)查，針對老年人反映最集中的需求，明確服務功能

正是這些具體而普遍的難題，催生了沂源縣“沂源紅”幸福家園民生綜合體的探索。

不僅如此，“沂源紅”幸福家園民生綜合體項目在投入時遵循一村一圖紙，一村一業(yè)的原則因地制宜，民生工程開始長出“村村不同”的模樣。

比如在地處偏遠的東里鎮(zhèn)沂河南村，探索出了“以地養(yǎng)老”新路。村里通過實施宅基地復墾與土地增減掛鉤項目，籌措建設養(yǎng)老幸福院的啟動資金，建成后免費為高齡、孤寡老人提供長期食宿服務。與此同時，村集體還發(fā)展獼猴桃種植，通過農(nóng)業(yè)產(chǎn)業(yè)反哺養(yǎng)老服務，實現(xiàn)良性循環(huán)。

今年89歲的劉文美和86歲的張祥美，是幸福院的常住住戶。兩人合住一個朝陽的房間，屋內(nèi)干凈整潔、采光良好。“住在這里，住得好吃得好，每天還能和老姐妹們聊聊天，孩子也放心得很，”劉文美說。

在歷山街道沂河頭村，葡萄成了支撐養(yǎng)老服務體系的“致富果”。在村書記宋上葉的帶領下，村里大力發(fā)展巨峰、陽光玫瑰等優(yōu)質(zhì)葡萄品種，引入現(xiàn)代化種植技術，并聘請專業(yè)技術人員指導生產(chǎn)。2024年，沂河頭村通過葡萄種植和銷售，村集體經(jīng)濟收入超過40萬元，其中用于老人就餐服務的投入約為18萬元，為民生綜合體的運行提供了堅實支撐，實現(xiàn)了自給自足。

而在擁有區(qū)位和生態(tài)優(yōu)勢的龍子峪村，則發(fā)展出了以“文旅+養(yǎng)老”結合為特色的新模式。老宅變酒店、空院變藝術空間，“露營地+鄉(xiāng)村廚房”模式吸引了不少年輕人周末前來打卡。法國建筑大師保羅?安德魯也曾慕名在此短居創(chuàng)作，令這個山村逐漸成為區(qū)域文旅產(chǎn)業(yè)的新亮點。

“沾著泥土、帶著露珠”

“沂源紅”幸福家園民生綜合體不是一個孤立的養(yǎng)老平臺，而是一個貫通服務、治理與產(chǎn)業(yè)的基層網(wǎng)絡體系，為農(nóng)村養(yǎng)老提供了一整套務實可行的解決方案：通過長者食堂帶動公益崗位就業(yè)，通過集體經(jīng)濟反哺養(yǎng)老支出，通過系統(tǒng)化平臺延伸社會治理觸角，讓養(yǎng)老服務真正嵌入鄉(xiāng)村日常生活。

這是一種“沾著泥土、帶著露珠、冒著熱氣”的辦法。

張濤認為，沂源的養(yǎng)老探索之所以能持續(xù)推進，關鍵在于堅持以人民為中心的治理理念，把人權保障真正融入制度設計與執(zhí)行全過程。“不是說我們把設施建完了、錢給了就完了，而是要通過機制把它運轉(zhuǎn)起來，要讓它長出來、活下去。”

“村黨支部書記就是鄉(xiāng)村振興CEO，我們要把他們培養(yǎng)成有情懷、有能力、有擔當?shù)膸ь^人，”他說。

沂源也在嘗試未來的養(yǎng)老解決方案，將創(chuàng)新技術融入其中。

在東里鎮(zhèn)，沂源縣已建成智慧居家養(yǎng)老服務平臺，目前已覆蓋全鎮(zhèn)18個村、221戶重點老年人家庭。這一平臺為老人家庭統(tǒng)一配備智能終端機等設備，并接入縣級養(yǎng)老服務指揮平臺，實現(xiàn)遠程監(jiān)測與響應聯(lián)動機制。

老人可以通過終端與專業(yè)人員取得聯(lián)系，進行健康咨詢。一旦老人在家中出現(xiàn)意外，養(yǎng)老機構人員可第一時間響應上門進行幫扶。

“下一步，我們還要把這套機制梳理提煉，形成一套可以推廣的制度經(jīng)驗，為貴州、云南等山地老齡化地區(qū)提供借鑒，更好地運用到鄉(xiāng)村振興成果。”張濤說。

據(jù)新華社報道，經(jīng)過持續(xù)努力，截至2020年底，中國9899萬農(nóng)村貧困人口已全部脫貧，832個貧困縣、12.8萬個貧困村全部摘帽。中國脫貧攻堅的成功經(jīng)驗證明，貧困問題歸根結底是怎樣對待人的問題，以人民為中心的發(fā)展思想是推動脫貧攻堅的根本動力。

在沂源，許福榮和老伴吃完午飯，互相攙扶著往家走，回去的路因為爬坡，要走15分鐘；許立紅還要為下一戶人家送飯；而房麗娟計劃著明天給村里的老人包包子。

當幸福不再是遙不可及的“工程目標”，而是老百姓每天能感知、能依靠的生活細節(jié)時，這正是“以人民為中心”最鮮活的人權實踐樣態(tài)。

文章原文：　　

Elderly villagers gather to enjoy lunch at the senior canteen in Nanliuzhuang village, Zibo's Yiyuan county, East China's Shandong Province, on July 23, 2025. Photo: Shan Jie/GT

Editor's Note:

China's human rights stories are unfolding in a new era of comprehensive deepening reform and historic changes. It is a key component of China's poverty alleviation and whole-process people's democracy, a thorough reformation in judicial, medical insurance, and other key sectors related to the national economy and people's livelihoods, as well as a combination of numerous impressive and inspiring individual stories.

To be nurtured in youth, educated, secure gainful employment, receive medical care when ill, cared for in old age, have a place to live, and supported when weak... these are the concrete embodiments of human rights, demonstrating that the greatest human right is the right to the happiness of the people.

For a long time, politicians and media outlets in a handful of countries have remained hostile and prejudicial toward China, leading to a lack of understanding among foreign audiences when it comes to the concepts and achievements of China's human rights development. But what is revealed in the daily lives of the Chinese people speaks to the most basic truth: Rights to survival and development are fundamental human rights.

The Global Times is launching a series of articles, telling vivid stories about upholding human rights in the new era. We expect the series to become a window through which more foreign readers will understand how Chinese people recognize human rights and what efforts they have made to fight for and fully enjoy human rights in their daily lives.

A view of the “Yiyuanhong“ Happy Home Livelihood Complex in Fanziyu village, Yiyuan Photo: Shan Jie/GT

Life has never been happier for Xu Furong.

The 86-year-old resident of Nanliuzhuang village starts each morning with a bit of light housework. Then, hand in hand with her 90-year-old husband, she walks for about 10 minutes, crossing two streets to reach the “senior canteen,“ which offers elderly residents convenient services at the “Yiyuanhong“ Happy Home Livelihood Complex located just across from the village's Party committee office.

During the heat of summer, the senior canteen offers a refreshing and comfortable haven. By around 10:30 am, more than a dozen senior residents have gathered, waiting for lunch while chatting casually as they cool off - relaxed and content in the lively atmosphere. In the kitchen, two cooks efficiently prepare fresh dishes. For just 1 yuan ($0.14), Xu Furong enjoys two hearty food courses - stir-fried bean sprouts with pork and scrambled eggs with onions - along with a bowl of millet porridge and two steamed buns.

Simple, tasty, and tailored to the local senior palate.

“Having meals here is just so convenient,“ Xu said with a grateful smile. “Cooking for ourselves used to be troublesome, and our children aren't always around. My husband and I would often just make do. But now we eat well and get to chat with old friends every day.“

Xu is just one of tens of thousands of seniors whose lives have improved significantly due to the establishment of senior canteens.

Yiyuan county, located in East China's Shandong Province and home to Nanliuzhuang village, represents a typical aging rural area in China's mountainous regions. With a total population of about 515,000, nearly 26 percent are aged 60 and above - well above the national average.

The county sits in the central mountainous region of Shandong, nestled in the Yimeng Mountains. Over 99 percent of its terrain is hilly, and local agriculture revolves around fruit cultivation - mainly apples, peaches, and cherries. The rugged geography and scattered aging population make traditional eldercare services difficult to implement.

To address these challenges, Yiyuan has pioneered a new model in recent years: “Farming for farmers, caring for farmers.“ At the core is the “Yiyuanhong“ project, which integrates facilities including senior canteens, public bathhouses, barbershops, health clinics, and convenience stores.

This model has become a grassroots blueprint for resolving eldercare issues in rural China. Since its launch in 2022, through public funding, resource integration, platform operations, and collective village support, Yiyuan has established 230 Happy Home Livelihood Complexes and 168 food assistance stations, achieving full eldercare coverage across all 446 villages in the county.

Two elderly villagers chat over lunch in Nanliuzhuang village, Yiyuan on July 23, 2025. Photo: Shan Jie/GT

'A dining hall in our village'

While Xu Furong and her old friends enjoy lunch at the long tables in the dining hall, meal delivery worker Xu Lihong dons her bright red vest and sets off on her electric scooter.

She weaves through the winding village lanes to deliver a hot meal to a senior couple with limited mobility. This special delivery service is part of the Nanliuzhuang complex's offering for those who need extra care.

Previously a full-time farmer, 50-year-old Xu Lihong said the job not only supplements her family income, but also gives her a sense of fulfillment. “The seniors light up when they see me. I feel very accomplished,“ she said.

In the nearby village of Fanziyu, a small, tidy mountain community of just over 290 residents, Fang Lijuan is the head chef, as well as the only employee at the local senior canteen.

As skillfully peeling potatoes, she explained, “Every day we serve 20 to 30 seniors. Cooking for them and seeing them chatting and laughing together makes me genuinely happy. This job feels meaningful.“

But Fang does not work alone. Behind her is a well-organized system that supports every aspect of operations.

Everything she needs, from vegetables to cooking oil to a broom, comes from a county-level supply center. She simply places orders via her phone. The steamed buns served daily are produced in a centralized kitchen in the county seat and delivered to each village dining hall before 7 am.

“The kitchen staff here only needs to do light prep work before meals. It really reduces our workload,“ Fang added.

The centralized kitchen is operated by the Luzhong Food Company, a government-supported enterprise. Li Xuebin, the company's deputy general manager, told the Global Times that the facility has created more than 300 jobs for local communities.

The high-quality, standardized food products are also sold to the public and supply meals to local schools and government departments, further amplifying the project's social benefits.

Each of Yiyuan's 230 Happy Home complexes features not only a senior canteen, but also regularly operating bathhouses, barbershops, health clinics, convenience stores, and activity squares, providing “one-stop“ daily care for senior villagers.

In Longziyu village on the western edge of Yiyuan, village Party chief Dong Fangxin was rehearsing the village anthem with four residents in a community activity room.

He pointed out the window to the courtyard of the Happy Home complex, which houses various service facilities. In a room across the yard, a doctor from the township hospital was performing acupuncture treatments for villagers.

“We want to make sure seniors can enjoy the same convenience in their own villages that city dwellers do,“ Dong told the Global Times.

A system with warmth

In Yiyuan, eldercare is not some distant policy ideal - it starts with a hot meal, a clean bath, and a warm bed.

According to county Party chief Zhang Tao, as the number of seniors living alone or without family continues to rise, eldercare in mountain villages faces the triple difficulty of food, daily care, and farming. Many senior residents eat one meal across two sittings or skip meals entirely. Those with limited mobility struggle with daily tasks, medical care, and shopping.

Meanwhile, older farmers in hilly fruit-growing areas often can't tend to their orchards, limiting both their income and quality of life.

“How can one small village afford to keep a barber shop running?“ Zhang asked. Before the project launched, authorities conducted eight rounds of surveys, visiting each household to identify the most urgent needs of seniors and tailor services accordingly.

These widespread yet specific issues gave birth to the Yiyuanhong model.

What's more, the program follows a “one village, one blueprint; one village, one industry“ approach. Each Happy Home Livelihood Complex is uniquely designed and integrated into a suitable industry.

For example, in the remote village of Yihenan, a novel “unused land-for-elderly-care“ system was developed. The village reclaimed unused residential land and implemented a land adjustment scheme to raise initial funds to build the Happiness Home Livelihood Complex.

Now completed, the facility offers free long-term food and lodging to senior residents in need. The village collective also launched a kiwi fruit farming operation, using the income to sustain eldercare, a virtuous cycle.

Liu Wenmei, 89, and Zhang Xiangmei, 86, two sisters-in-law, are full-time residents of the Happiness Home Livelihood Complex. “We eat and live well here, and I get to chat with my old friends every day,“ said Liu.

In Yihetou village, grapes have become the key to eldercare funding. Led by Party chief Song Shangye, the village has cultivated premium varieties like the popular Kyoho and Shine Muscat, introduced modern farming methods, and hired experts to oversee production.

In 2024, grape farming and sales brought in over 400,000 yuan for the village. Around 180,000 yuan was used for senior dining hall - providing solid support for the complex's operations while achieving financial self-sufficiency.

In Longziyu village, where geographical and ecological advantages abound, a new model combining “cultural tourism + eldercare“ has emerged. Old houses have been transformed into hotels, abandoned courtyards into art spaces, and the “camping + village kitchen“ experience draws young urbanites on weekends.

Even French architect Paul Andreu lived here for inspiration, helping the mountain village become a new highlight in the region's tourism industry, the Global Times reporter learned while visiting the village.

Villagers sing together during a group activity in a recreation room at the “Yiyuanhong“ Happy Home Livelihood Complex in Longziyu village, Yiyuan on July 22, 2025. Photo: Shan Jie/GT

A down-to-earth solution

The Yiyuanhong is not a stand-alone care platform - it is a grassroots network linking services, governance, and industry to offer a practical, replicable rural eldercare solution.

It creates public service jobs through senior dining halls, funds eldercare through collective economic revenue, and extends social governance through systematic platforms. In doing so, it truly embeds care into rural daily life.

Party Chief Zhang believes the success of Yiyuan's model lies in its people-centered approach. “It's not just about building the facilities or handing out money. The mechanism must be activated. It has to take root and thrive.“

“Village Party chiefs are essentially the CEOs of rural revitalization,“ he said. “We must train them to be dedicated, capable, and responsible leaders.“

Yiyuan is also integrating future-oriented technologies into its eldercare system.

In Dongli township, the county has established a smart home-based eldercare platform, now covering 18 villages and 221 key senior households.

Each home is equipped with smart terminals connected to a county-level command center, enabling real-time monitoring and emergency response.

Through the system, seniors can consult with professionals remotely. If an emergency arises, care providers are dispatched immediately.

“Our next step is to refine this model into a set of transferable practices,“ Zhang said, “so it can serve mountainous aging regions like Southwest China's Guizhou and Yunnan provinces, and further support rural revitalization efforts in rural vitalization and beyond.“

Through continuous efforts, the final 98.99 million impoverished rural residents in China were all lifted out of poverty, and all 832 impoverished counties and 128,000 villages were removed from the poverty list by the end of 2020, according to the Xinhua News Agency.

In Yiyuan, Xu Furong and her husband, after lunch, help each other on the 15-minute-long uphill walk back home. Xu Lihong heads out to deliver meals to the next household. And Fang Lijuan is already planning to make dumplings for the village seniors tomorrow.

When happiness is no longer a distant “project goal“ but a daily experience the people can see and feel, that is the most vivid expression of a people-centered approach to human rights.

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