CropDesign

作物設計

Editorial

作物設計創(chuàng)刊發(fā)行

編者寄：

《作物設計》期刊的創(chuàng)辦，希望能夠與全球作物研究的同行們，關心作物與人類發(fā)展的人們，交流關于對作物開展設計的理念，實踐和探索的經驗。面向人類發(fā)展的共同未來，一起凝視與思考。

We launch the journalCrop Designin 2022 with the hope of exchanging ideas, practices and exploration experiences concerning crop design with colleagues in global crop research and people who care about crops and human development. With the common future of human development and well-being stretching out ahead of us, we must look to the horizon and think together.

作物設計創(chuàng)刊號

The Launch of The Journal

Crop Design

農業(yè)是保障人類未來持續(xù)、健康、開放、幸福發(fā)展的基本保障。我們對自身的關愛，在2022這一年度，得到了格外的增長。人類對健康飲食的追求，從古至今沒有變化。自然界為人類提供了健康的水、空氣和可以馴化的植物資源，來供給人類的需求。人類從未停止對自然的觀察、探索和改造。

Humans’ pursuit of healthy diets has not changed since ancient times. Agriculture remains the foundational guarantee for the sustainable, healthy, open, and happy development of mankind in the future. Nature provides human beings with healthy water, air and domesticated plant resources to meet their needs. Humans have never stopped observing, exploring and transforming nature, and the passion for our future selves has grown exceptionally in 2022.

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一稻濟世 萬家糧足

對農作物的改造大約開始于1萬年前。當人類拾起第一粒谷穗，就開始了對作物的選擇。千百年來，人類憑借著本能的需求，對作物作出選擇。日積月累的選擇，改變了植物生長的周期、形態(tài)，讓作物越來越方便人類的耕種。山川、河流、海洋和太陽，創(chuàng)造了全球各地豐富的環(huán)境，人類對生存空間進行改造的同時，農作物也隨著人類遷徙到全球各地，不斷產生對新環(huán)境的適應。我們今天能看到來自墨西哥地區(qū)的玉米、棉花、辣椒等作物，攀上中國北方的高原，成為全世界人享用的美食和衣服。也能看到來自東南亞的水稻進入非洲的田野和歐洲的廚房。

The modification of crops began approximately 10,000 years ago. Mountains, rivers, oceans, and the sun created a wide spectrum of environments around the world; then, when humans picked the first grain, the selection of crops began. In the thousands of years since, human beings have selected crops based on their instinctive needs, and those accumulated selections have changed the cycle and shape of plant growth, making crops more convenient for human cultivation. Even as humans transform their living spaces, crops also migrate to different parts of the world with humans and constantly adapt to their new environments. Today, we can see that crops such as corn, cotton, and pepper from Mexico have climbed the plateaus of northern China and become food and clothes enjoyed by people all over the world. Likewise, rice from Southeast Asia has entered fields and kitchens in Africa and Europe. Thus, the development of agriculture has always been integrated with the development of all human beings.

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萬頃麥海 紫陌豐田

農業(yè)的發(fā)展，從來都是隨著全人類的發(fā)展，不斷地進行著多方面的融合。從上個世紀初，人類逐步開始揭開生命的密碼，遺傳的力量逐漸為人類所認知，遺傳的規(guī)律逐漸為人類掌握。在對作物的不斷選擇實踐中，育種家們首先發(fā)現了有益的性狀是可以通過選擇聚合在一起的。高大株型的作物不一定能夠達到最好的產量。能夠抵御住各種病害的植物才能有更好生存能力，保障作物產量的穩(wěn)定。人類正在逐步破解這些規(guī)律的遺傳密碼，已經取得了巨大的成功。上個世紀的70-80年代，育種家在利用這些規(guī)律的基礎上，讓全球主要糧食作物的產量獲得了難以超越的提升。遺傳規(guī)律的重要應用，指引著科學家們去全面的解析生命的密碼。進入21世紀，人類基因組和農作物基因組都相繼得到了全部解析。人類可以實現在分子水平上觀察幾乎任何一種生物。世界在這種觀察方式下，發(fā)生著質的轉變。最大的質變來自于改造農作物方式的提升。利用基因組上的特征，迅速掌握作物遺傳變化的規(guī)律，人類看到了一個曙光，可以實現對作物的定向改造。只要能夠掌握足夠準確的遺傳信息，通過雜交、基因組重組和性狀的選擇，作物的生長方式、生長周期、產量、品質等結構性特征，都可以實現定向的改造。2022年的今天，我們可以提出，作物的設計。

Since the beginning of the last century, human beings have gradually begun to uncover the code of life, allowing for longer scope in the recognition of the power from heredity and supporting gradual mastery of the laws of heredity. In the practice of continuous selection of crops, breeders first discovered that beneficial traits could be aggregated through selection. For example, tall plants may not necessarily achieve the best yields, while those that can resist various diseases can have better survivability and ensure yield stability. The laws of heredity were gradually deciphered into the genetic code, which set the stage for great success. In the 1970s and 1980s, breeders took advantage of hybrid vigor to achieve an unsurpassed increase in the output of the world's major food crops. Now, with the advent of the 21st century, both the human genome and numerous crop genomes have been fully analyzed, and humans are able to examine almost any kind of organism at the molecular level. Empowered by this capability, mankind has entered into a new dawn: the world is undergoing a qualitative change, especially in the means of realizing further and more directional transformation of crops. As long as enough accurate genetic information can be mastered, the structural characteristics of crops, such as growth mode, growth cycle, yield, quality, can be readily improved in a targeted manner through hybridization, genome recombination, trait selection, and so on. Today, in 2022, we can broach the concept of truly Designing Crops.

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凈白素樸 橫縱織帛

關于“作物設計”，內涵是針對對作物本身的生命特性，外延則可拓展為作物與整個生存環(huán)境的關系。內涵與外延彼此深刻聯系，密不可分。對作物進行設計的方式方法在遺傳學和生物工程技術面前，有無數多種可能性，更多的可能性存在于我們現有未知的領域中。可能在合成生物學，可能在材料化學，誰知道呢？

Conceptually, the connotation of ‘Crop Design’ concerns the life characteristics of the crop itself and, by extension, the relationship between the crop and the entire living environment around it, which are deeply connected to the point of being inseparable. Knowledge of genetics and genome editing technology allows countless possibilities for the design of crops, and more possibilities still exist in fields that we are currently not aware of. Maybe in synthetic biology, maybe in materials chemistry—who knows what might emerge?

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燦燦襲人 收盡春光

自期刊上線以來，作物設計接收了來自不同單位的優(yōu)秀文章若干篇，其中已發(fā)表文章5篇。

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浙江大學宋士勇課題組“ New Windows of Crop Breeding:FTIPs-mediated Protein Trafficking in Plant Reproduction and Stress Tolerance ”

總結FTIP家族蛋白在植物生殖發(fā)育和干旱逆境中的研究進展，并討論了FTIPs在作物分子育種中的潛在應用價值。

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772899422000040

作物設計歡迎您的投稿

內容來源：文| 張?zhí)煺?關雪瑩 Varshney Rajeev

圖| 浙江大學農業(yè)科技與技術學院作物科學研究院

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