從術(shù)前精準(zhǔn)評估、術(shù)中精細操作到術(shù)后加速康復(fù),每一個環(huán)節(jié)都緊密銜接。
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左圖:右肺中葉結(jié)節(jié)(腺癌);右圖:左肺下葉支擴病灶
肺癌是一個沉重的話題,號稱“全球頭號癌癥殺手”。當(dāng)肺癌患者的肺功能越來越差的情況下,該如何做出合理的選擇?
新民晚報記者獲悉,上海市東方醫(yī)院胸外科團隊近日聯(lián)合呼吸內(nèi)科、麻醉科、重癥監(jiān)護室等多學(xué)科“接力”營救,成功讓一名肺功能嚴(yán)重受損的肺癌患者,恢復(fù)正常生活,完成一場“精準(zhǔn)診斷—手術(shù)切除—康復(fù)治療”救治閉環(huán)的治療。
59歲的張阿姨(化名)已有20余年的支擴病史,在長期反復(fù)感染的治療過程中,右肺中葉結(jié)節(jié)逐漸增大,經(jīng)過穿刺病理檢查,發(fā)現(xiàn)腫瘤細胞,明確診斷為肺癌,同時PET-CT檢查結(jié)果顯示未見淋巴結(jié)及遠處轉(zhuǎn)移。張阿姨尚處中年,預(yù)期壽命較長,根據(jù)國內(nèi)國際肺癌診療指南,手術(shù)根治性切除是該類患者最佳選擇。然而,由于多年的支氣管擴張反復(fù)感染,張阿姨的肺功能極差,活動耐力也明顯減弱,患者及家屬都擔(dān)心手術(shù)風(fēng)險過高。為了尋求更專業(yè)、安全且有效的治療方案,張阿姨經(jīng)多方打聽和醫(yī)生推薦,最終來到了上海市東方醫(yī)院胸外科就診。
張阿姨入院后,胸外科團隊迅速展開病史詢問并安排完善相關(guān)檢查。胸部CT結(jié)果顯示,患者雙肺均存在支氣管擴張,尤其是左肺呈現(xiàn)廣泛的囊柱狀擴張,左肺下葉損毀嚴(yán)重,縱隔明顯向左側(cè)偏移,左肺功能顯著受限。肺功能檢測顯示FEV1(第一秒用力呼氣量)僅占預(yù)計值的45%,而分側(cè)肺功能檢查進一步證實了患者及家屬的擔(dān)憂,右肺功能約占90%,左側(cè)僅占10%左右——這意味著患側(cè)(右肺)已經(jīng)代償了大部分肺功能,左肺的支氣管擴張伴感染又需要術(shù)中進行隔離。
能手術(shù)嗎?方文濤教授團隊基于數(shù)十年技術(shù)積淀,對于合并基礎(chǔ)疾病、肺功能差、巨大腫瘤等復(fù)雜患者的手術(shù)有著豐富的經(jīng)驗,給出“可行”的回答。
然而,張阿姨多年支氣管擴張伴感染,如控制不佳,術(shù)后可能面臨感染加重、呼吸衰竭甚至危及生命的風(fēng)險。胸外科團隊在張阿姨入院時,便聯(lián)合呼吸內(nèi)科團隊協(xié)同診療,通過支氣管鏡檢查及肺泡灌洗,及時清理積痰、尋找致病菌,并進行痰檢和藥敏測試,有針對性地對抗感染。經(jīng)過多輪精準(zhǔn)治療,張阿姨的痰量逐漸減少,從黃濃痰變?yōu)橄”“滋担Y狀明顯好轉(zhuǎn)。
同時,胸外科團隊為張阿姨制定了術(shù)前心肺功能訓(xùn)練方案,包括“腹式呼吸+阻力呼氣訓(xùn)練”;還安排患者進行步行、爬樓梯等低強度有氧運動,提高心肺耐力。在營養(yǎng)強化與心理干預(yù)方面,調(diào)整均衡飲食,補充蛋白質(zhì),改善營養(yǎng)狀態(tài)。通過呼吸內(nèi)科與胸外科團隊的聯(lián)合治療,張阿姨的支擴感染得到有效控制,心肺功能顯著提升,為手術(shù)的實施創(chuàng)造了良好條件。
新民晚報記者獲悉,術(shù)中既要實現(xiàn)兩側(cè)肺的隔離,又要維持右側(cè)肺萎陷以便手術(shù)操作,同時還要保障良好的通氣和氧合,維持生命體征平穩(wěn),難度極高。
為此,麻醉科團隊精心制定了個體化麻醉方案,借助纖支鏡引導(dǎo),快速精準(zhǔn)完成氣管導(dǎo)管定位,實現(xiàn)左肺隔離,防止感染擴散;利用CPAP裝置持續(xù)控壓通氣,結(jié)合間斷小潮氣量通氣,確保手術(shù)順利進行的同時維持生命體征穩(wěn)定,通過反復(fù)吸引肺分泌物,預(yù)防術(shù)后肺部感染。
方文濤教授團隊則術(shù)前評估制定完備的手術(shù)方案,憑借精湛的醫(yī)術(shù)和豐富的臨床經(jīng)驗,利用胸腔鏡“精準(zhǔn)狙擊”,在與麻醉團隊良好的協(xié)作配合下,僅半小時便完成了胸腔鏡下右肺中葉切除,合理放置引流管并實施多模式鎮(zhèn)痛。整個手術(shù)過程快速、精準(zhǔn)、微創(chuàng),無漏氣、無明顯出血!術(shù)后,麻醉團隊通過在椎旁神經(jīng)阻滯加強鎮(zhèn)痛。
令人高興的是,在醫(yī)護科學(xué)指導(dǎo)與患者積極配合下,張阿姨恢復(fù)迅速,術(shù)后活動耐力與術(shù)前相當(dāng),無感染、無膿痰,術(shù)后第二天拔除引流管,第三天順利出院。
院方表示,已將多學(xué)科協(xié)作貫穿于整個圍術(shù)期管理——從術(shù)前精準(zhǔn)評估、術(shù)中精細操作到術(shù)后加速康復(fù),每一個環(huán)節(jié)都緊密銜接,確保每一位患者的診療過程安全、精準(zhǔn)、快速且高效。
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