據(jù)中央氣象臺(tái)預(yù)報(bào),未來(lái)一周,河北南部、黃淮、江漢、江淮、江南北部、陜西關(guān)中、四川盆地等地將出現(xiàn)持續(xù)性高溫天氣,大部地區(qū)濕度較大,體感悶熱。
每當(dāng)遇到高溫天氣,總有網(wǎng)友感覺(jué)“怎么比預(yù)報(bào)的溫度更熱”,也有網(wǎng)友懷疑氣象部門(mén)的高溫預(yù)報(bào)會(huì)不會(huì)“刻意壓低數(shù)值了”?
The National Meteorological Center has forecast a weeklong heatwave across multiple regions in China. High humidity will make conditions feel even more oppressive.
The sweltering weather has sparked online debate, with many netizens saying the heat feels worse than reported. Some even suspect official forecasts may understate actual temperatures.
7月14日,相關(guān)話題沖上熱搜,@中國(guó)氣象局 發(fā)文回應(yīng)。
“氣象工作者不會(huì)有意將氣溫報(bào)高或報(bào)低,我們也會(huì)對(duì)預(yù)報(bào)員的預(yù)測(cè)進(jìn)行評(píng)分,預(yù)報(bào)38℃但實(shí)際氣溫達(dá)到40℃以上,預(yù)報(bào)員是不得分的。所以作為預(yù)報(bào)員,一定會(huì)努力報(bào)得越來(lái)越準(zhǔn)。”中國(guó)氣象局氣象宣傳與科普中心特聘專(zhuān)家朱定真說(shuō)。
The China Meteorological Administration (CMA) responded on Monday. "We don't deliberately report lower or higher temperatures," said Zhu Dingzhen, a specially appointed expert at the CMA. "Forecasts are scored on accuracy. If we predict 38 C but if the actual temperature exceeds 40 C, the forecaster gets no points."
事實(shí)上,氣象部門(mén)發(fā)布的溫度是百葉箱中溫度計(jì)所測(cè)量的溫度。百葉箱須設(shè)在草坪上,離地面1.5米,周?chē)^開(kāi)闊,無(wú)高大建筑、樹(shù)木等阻擋風(fēng)或遮擋陽(yáng)光。這是世界氣象組織的規(guī)范標(biāo)準(zhǔn),全球用同樣的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化尺度去測(cè)量氣溫,才能進(jìn)行對(duì)比。
在同一座城市內(nèi),百葉箱和水泥路、柏油路上的溫度不一樣。在陽(yáng)光強(qiáng)烈的情況下,水泥路、柏油路1.5米高度上的溫度,比百葉箱里測(cè)得的溫度可能會(huì)高4℃至5℃。這也就有高溫天氣下,有人測(cè)出路面溫度高達(dá)50℃,但預(yù)報(bào)數(shù)值偏低的“溫差”了。
Zhu explained that official temperatures are measured under standardized conditions, while surfaces like asphalt can be 4–5 C hotter.
那為什么預(yù)報(bào)的氣溫和大家的感覺(jué)也差不少呢?“因?yàn)闅庀蟮挠^測(cè)環(huán)境和個(gè)人在室外的環(huán)境是不一樣的。氣溫是近地層大氣環(huán)境的溫度,而大家感受到的是體感溫度,其受到氣壓、風(fēng)力、濕度等多重影響。”朱定真說(shuō)。
比如體感溫度和大氣濕度密切相關(guān),空氣濕度較大時(shí)人就會(huì)感到悶熱。只要?dú)鉁剡_(dá)到33℃左右、相對(duì)濕度達(dá)到80%,人就會(huì)感到非常悶熱、不舒服,甚至容易中暑。此外,個(gè)體差別也導(dǎo)致體感溫度不一樣。人的胖瘦、所穿衣服的深淺、進(jìn)行不同強(qiáng)度的活動(dòng)、甚至個(gè)人心情起伏等都會(huì)影響體感溫度。
He noted that people often feel hotter due to humidity, wind, clothing, and activity. For instance, 33 C with 80 percent humidity can feel oppressive and increase health risks.
朱定真表示,未來(lái)氣象部門(mén)的預(yù)報(bào)會(huì)越來(lái)越向人們的需求傾斜,比如可能會(huì)預(yù)報(bào)體感溫度,而不再是簡(jiǎn)單告訴大家氣溫為多少度,播報(bào)的信息中還要包含氣溫38℃和39℃有什么差異、哪些領(lǐng)域會(huì)受到影響等。
不久前,國(guó)家疾控局和中國(guó)氣象局就聯(lián)合發(fā)布了首個(gè)國(guó)家級(jí)高溫健康風(fēng)險(xiǎn)預(yù)警和健康提示。和一般天氣預(yù)報(bào)不同,預(yù)警分5個(gè)等級(jí),按照與高溫相關(guān)疾病風(fēng)險(xiǎn)分析得出。公眾可按照風(fēng)險(xiǎn)等級(jí)采取相應(yīng)措施,包括保持室內(nèi)涼爽、避開(kāi)高溫時(shí)段外出、減少戶外活動(dòng)、保證充足飲水等,更好防護(hù)高溫帶來(lái)的不利健康影響。
To better serve the public, future forecasts may include "feels-like" temperatures and more targeted health advice. In fact, China recently launched its first national health risk alert for high temperatures, offering five levels of warnings and tips to help people cope with extreme heat.
編輯:左卓
見(jiàn)習(xí)編輯:裴禧盈
來(lái)源:中國(guó)青年報(bào)新華視點(diǎn) 中國(guó)氣象局 人民日?qǐng)?bào)
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