凌晨三點(diǎn),貓咪第十次蹲進(jìn)貓砂盆,卻只擠出幾滴尿……這場(chǎng)景讓無數(shù)鏟屎官揪心。尿頻滴尿看似小事,背后卻藏著膀胱炎、結(jié)石甚至尿閉的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。尤其公貓因尿道狹窄更易中招,若不及時(shí)處理,可能引發(fā)腎衰。別慌!這份接地氣的應(yīng)對(duì)指南,從家庭急救到就醫(yī)要點(diǎn),幫你守護(hù)毛孩子的“下水道”健康。
一、揪出元兇:四大常見誘因
1. 喝水太少,尿液濃縮
貓咪天生不愛喝水,若長期吃干糧,尿液濃縮易結(jié)晶,堵塞尿道引發(fā)滴尿。獸醫(yī)提醒:成年貓每日飲水量需達(dá)45ml/kg(約5kg貓喝225ml),可嘗試流動(dòng)飲水機(jī)、罐頭摻水或凍干復(fù)水“騙水”。
2. 泌尿疾病:膀胱炎與結(jié)石是主力
膀胱炎:占貓下泌尿道問題的60%以上,癥狀包括尿血、頻繁蹲盆。突發(fā)多因應(yīng)激(搬家/新寵),需減少環(huán)境刺激。
尿道結(jié)石:公貓高發(fā)!細(xì)長尿道易被結(jié)晶堵塞(如磷酸銨鎂),導(dǎo)致排尿劇痛、滴尿甚至尿閉。觸摸下腹若膀胱鼓脹如桃子,需立即就醫(yī)。
3. 發(fā)情期的迷惑行為
未絕育公貓發(fā)情時(shí),會(huì)通過滴尿標(biāo)記領(lǐng)地。雖屬正常,但若伴隨嚎叫、亂尿,絕育可根治。
4. 天冷或情緒低落
低溫會(huì)加速結(jié)晶形成,而抑郁貓咪可能拒絕排尿。保暖(電熱毯)和陪伴能緩解。
二、家庭急救:黃金48小時(shí)行動(dòng)
? 第一步:判斷是否尿閉
觀察貓砂:24小時(shí)內(nèi)無尿團(tuán)或僅硬幣大小。
輕按膀胱:位于后腿間,鼓脹如球且按壓時(shí)貓慘叫,提示尿閉,必須12小時(shí)內(nèi)送醫(yī)。
? 第二步:能排尿時(shí)的居家護(hù)理
灌水大法:針筒喂溫水(每小時(shí)5-10ml),或肉湯騙水,稀釋尿液沖刷尿道。
熱敷緩解:45℃溫水袋敷下腹10分鐘/次,一日3次,放松尿道肌肉。
應(yīng)急藥物(僅限無法立即就醫(yī)時(shí)):
消炎:含阿莫西林克拉維酸鉀的寵物藥(如速諾)。
舒緩情緒:費(fèi)洛蒙噴霧減少應(yīng)激。
? 避坑提示
? 盲目喂人用藥:某苓/三金片可能傷腎!
? 按壓排尿:操作不當(dāng)或致膀胱破裂。
三、醫(yī)院治療:關(guān)鍵檢查與方案
1. 核心檢查項(xiàng)目
B超/DR:排查結(jié)石、膀胱壁厚度
血常規(guī)+生化:評(píng)估腎功、感染程度
尿液培養(yǎng):鎖定致病菌,精準(zhǔn)用藥
1. 治療方案
導(dǎo)尿:尿閉時(shí)救命措施,需麻醉并留置導(dǎo)管3-5天。
手術(shù):反復(fù)結(jié)石的公貓建議做“尿道造口術(shù)”,改造短寬尿道防復(fù)發(fā)。
處方糧:皇家/希爾斯泌尿糧,溶解結(jié)晶并控pH值。
四、防復(fù)發(fā):長效管理三件套
1. 水分監(jiān)控:
濕糧為主(含水量>70%),干糧每日不超總食量1/3。
家中放置3-5個(gè)水碗,每周清洗防細(xì)菌。
2. 減少應(yīng)激源:
新家具/客人到訪前,提前噴灑費(fèi)洛蒙。
多貓家庭每只貓配1.5個(gè)貓砂盆,避免爭搶。
3. 定期體檢:
成年貓每年一次B超,老年貓加查腎功能,結(jié)晶問題早發(fā)現(xiàn)早干預(yù)。
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貓咪滴尿是身體亮起的紅燈,輕則發(fā)情、缺水,重則結(jié)石堵尿。鏟屎官需牢記:能排尿時(shí)多喝水+熱敷緩解,尿閉12小時(shí)內(nèi)必須送醫(yī)!日常預(yù)防遠(yuǎn)比治療簡單——一碗鮮食、一盆凈水、一份松弛的環(huán)境,就能讓毛孩子告別“滴水之苦”,暢快釋放天性。
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