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Bawl/cry/howl/sob/squall/weep/whimper/whine/wail/yowl
《金瓶梅》講潘金蓮與西門慶勾搭成奸,害死了武大,為了遮人耳目,潘金蓮假惺惺地哭,書中是這么寫的:原來但凡世上婦人哭有三樣哭:有淚有聲謂之哭;有淚無聲謂之泣;無淚無聲謂之號。這一段,在著名漢學家芮效衛(David Tod Roy)譯本中,他是這么翻譯的:Three ways of weeping. If there are tears as well as sound, it is called weeping. If there are tears but no sound, it is called sobbing. If there are no tears but there is sound, it is called howling.
從這里,我們可以看出,一般意義上的“哭”,有淚有聲的,聲淚俱下的,正式一點的表達用weep沒有問題。與之類似的詞還有:whine (小孩子嚶嚶嗡嗡地那種哭Stop whining!)whimper (David’s crying subsided to a whimper.大衛的哭泣變成了抽泣)
芮效衛的譯本把有淚無聲用sob來解釋,我覺得不是特別恰當,因為sob有哭訴(to say sth while you are crying);抽泣;抽噎;嗚咽的意思,也就是說,還是有聲的。如果要表達僅僅有淚而無聲,我覺得用shed tears 就可以了,如果要文雅一點,用lacrimation也可以。
大聲地哭喊、嚎啕大哭,則用squall, bawl, yowl, wail。
當然,只是干嚎,芮效衛用的howling,就很恰當,并且把象聲詞的味道也譯出來了。
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