近日，北京地鐵的扶梯上增加了“黃色腳印”標識，引起公眾關注。這些“黃色腳印”是什么意思？它們將起到什么作用？北京市特種設備檢驗檢測研究院高級工程師韓志國解答了這些疑問。

安全乘梯關乎公眾生命健康安全，偶有發生的乘梯事故也在警醒公眾，以不當乘梯方式可能帶來安全隱患。長時間以來，“左行右立”成為部分公眾乘坐扶梯的習慣方式，在扶梯上行走、奔跑等行為很是常見，乘梯安全常被忽視。

——扶梯上行走易導致乘客踏空摔倒。

“普通樓梯臺階高度約為15厘米，而扶梯梯級高度約為21至24厘米。乘客在運行中的扶梯上匆忙行走，更高的梯級容易導致乘客踏空摔倒。” 韓志國告訴記者：“尤其在早晚高峰人流密集時，單側行走引發的跌倒可能造成‘多米諾效應’，威脅周圍乘客安全。”

——長期單側站立易引發梯級脫落風險。

通過拆解扶梯梯級可以看到，梯級后方兩側滾輪負責支撐運行，長期單側站立會使該側滾輪承受超負荷壓力，導致壽命縮短，另一側驅動鏈條掛接處則因頻繁受載荷沖擊，可能引發梯級晃動甚至脫落。

“地鐵內一般使用的都是重載扶梯，而商場、景區等場所使用的普通扶梯磨損等情況更明顯一些。”韓志國說。

——乘客集中站立一側可能引發強制停梯，造成二次傷害。

通過模擬實現可以發現，當乘客集中站立于右側時，單側驅動鏈條因持續承受載荷，導致兩側鏈條長度產生差異，可能觸發安全保護裝置導致強制停梯。

“突發停梯不僅影響通行效率，還可能因慣性導致乘客跌倒、擠撞，造成二次傷害。”韓志國表示，此類故障在高峰時段的修復耗時較長，對地鐵運營影響較大。

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目前，北京地鐵扶梯上增加的“黃色腳印”標識為同一梯級上左右兩側各噴涂了一個黃色腳印，旨在提醒乘客可“左右并立”乘坐扶梯。

韓志國介紹，當乘客站在梯級中間或并排站立時，自身重力通過梯級前面的兩個角作用在兩側驅動鏈上的力大體相等，驅動鏈產生的形變大致相同，一定程度上能起到保護乘客出行安全和設備使用安全的作用。

韓志國還提醒道，乘梯時應保持站立，全程避免倚靠護壁板或探身張望。若遇人流密集，應與前方乘客保持至少一級梯級間距，到達扶梯兩端時應快上快下，不要在出入口處停留等待，扶梯的緩沖區域有限，停留等待會導致過度擁擠，極易使乘客摔倒引發踩踏。一旦遇到有人摔倒或夾傷等緊急情況，可按下兩端的急停按鈕，并及時向工作人員求助。