程絮森

中國人民大學國家發展與戰略研究院研究員

信息學院教授

▲Workers assemble and test a tunnel boring machine at a tunnel construction site on April 29, 2025, in Xiamen, East China's Fujian Province. Photo: VCG

This year marks the conclusion of China's 14th Five-Year Plan (2021-25) period. The 2025 Government Work Report has underscored the importance of fully meeting the plan's objectives, setting a solid foundation for a strong launch of the 15th Five-Year Plan (2026-30).

Major targets mapped out in the 14th Five-Year Plan have been accomplished now. For example, more than 90 percent of the administrative villages have access to 5G - 10 percent higher than the original plan. Comparable progress is made in social welfare, agricultural modernization, ecological protection, transportation and new energy.

Over the course of the five-year plan period, China has demonstrated growing economic resilience. Between 2021 and 2024, the nation achieved an average annual GDP growth rate of 5.5 percent, nearly two percentage points higher than the global average. This robust performance reflects China's effective cultivation of new growth drivers and steady technology advancement.

During the period, China's total economic output expanded by more than 30 trillion yuan ($4.17 trillion) - comparable to adding an economy the size of the whole Yangtze River Delta. Leveraging the world's most complete industrial system, China made major strides in high-end equipment and high-tech manufacturing. Breakthroughs such as domestically produced large aircraft showcased the country's rising technological prowess, while supply chain resilience was significantly enhanced.

The country has achieved a set of comprehensive breakthroughs across land, sea, air and space. Key advances in deep-sea exploration, the BeiDou Navigation Satellite System, and other critical technologies have energized high-quality development. The added value of patent-intensive industries now exceeds 13 percent of GDP.

Strategic emerging industries are gaining pace, led by across-the-board digitalization. Notable progress has also been made in areas like artificial intelligence (AI) and quantum computing. The highlights of the past five years include enhanced innovation capabilities, accelerated growth in emerging industries, rapid advancement in future sectors, as well as a thriving digital economy.

In 2024, China's research and development investment intensity reached 2.68 percent of GDP, up 0.1 percentage points from a year earlier, exceeding the EU average. Investment in basic research grew by 10.5 percent year-on-year. The added value of high-tech manufacturing enterprises above designated size expanded by 8.9 percent in 2024. Aerospace and electronics manufacturing both achieved double-digit growth.

Development is accelerating in cutting-edge sectors such as AI, bio-tech, green energies and quantum technology. Marked achievements include humanoid robots and the "Origin Wukong" superconducting quantum computer.

In 2024, traditional industries have seen tangible results from the core competitiveness enhancement action plan, incorporating smart, green innovations. New consumption models and digital applications continue to emerge, boosting online retail sales of goods by 6.5 percent, while 5G and gigabit broadband infrastructure projects are progressing steadily.

Despite a shifting global landscape and the pressure of domestic industrial restructuring, China's economy has remained very strong. Its diverse strengths, structural resilience and long-term potential provide a firm base for future growth. The accomplishment of the 14th Five-Year Plan (2021-25) has laid a solid for the development in the coming years.

The upcoming 15th Five-Year Plan (2026-2030) is expected to center on building up new quality productive forces. Key priorities include expanding domestic demand, boosting consumption's role in economic growth, creating high-quality jobs and increasing household incomes.

Also, China intends to deepen high-level opening-up by promoting trade facilitation and liberalization, strengthening international economic cooperation, and enhancing its position in global industrial and supply chains.

To drive new growth, China will accelerate the intelligent and low-carbon transformation of traditional industries while nurturing integrated clusters of strategic future industries. The fusion of digital technology into daily life will bolster more equitable access to public services such as governance, education and healthcare.

文章來源：GLOBAL TIMES

微信編輯：祁千秋

人大國發院是中國人民大學集全校之力重點打造的中國特色新型高校智庫，現任理事長為學校黨委書記張東剛，現任院長為校長林尚立。2015年入選全國首批“國家高端智庫”建設試點單位，并入選全球智庫百強，2018年初在“中國大學智庫機構百強排行榜”中名列第一。2019年在國家高端智庫綜合評估中入選第一檔次梯隊，是唯一入選第一檔次梯隊的高校智庫。

人大國發院積極打造“新平臺、大網絡，跨學科、重交叉，促創新、高產出”的高端智庫平臺。圍繞經濟治理與經濟發展、政治治理與法治建設、社會治理與社會創新、公共外交與國際關系四大研究領域，匯聚全校一流學科優質資源，在基礎建設、決策咨詢、公共外交、理論創新、輿論引導和內部治理等方面取得了顯著成效。人大國發院以“中國特色新型高校智庫的引領者”為目標，扎根中國大地，堅守國家戰略，秉承時代使命，致力于建設成為具有全球影響力的世界一流大學智庫。

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