這些發現揭示了糖原代謝的一種不同尋常的功能,這對于細胞內磷酸戊糖途徑(PPP)的調節以及氧化還原平衡的維持至關重要。
細胞的能量分子三磷酸腺苷(ATP)和有害的活性氧(ROS)如同一枚硬幣的兩面,在線粒體中耦合合成。細胞利用 ATP 來維持生存,但最終可能會因活 ROS 的毒性而死亡。
因此,細胞必須進化出一套分子機制來持續清除細胞內的 ROS,這主要是通過 NADPH 分子向一個過氧化氫(H?O?)(細胞內 ROS 的主要形式)提供兩個氫原子來實現的,從而將 H?O? 轉化為水(H?O)。
磷酸戊糖途徑(PPP)是糖酵解的一個分支,在前兩步氧化過程中生成 NADPH,具有極其重要的作用。人們普遍認為,葡萄糖在己糖激酶的作用下磷酸化生成葡萄糖-6-磷酸(G6P),作為葡萄糖-6-磷酸脫氫酶(G6PD)的底物,從而啟動 PPP 途徑。
然而,中國醫學科學院基礎醫學研究所&北京協和醫學院黃波教授團隊的最新研究顛覆了上述早已寫入教科書的觀點,他們發現,糖原分解產生的葡萄糖-6-磷酸(G6P)才是G6PD 啟動 PPP 途徑的主要底物,而不是葡萄糖直接磷酸化產生的 G6P。這一突破性發現凸顯了糖原在調控基礎代謝過程中的關鍵作用。
該研究以:Glucose-1-phosphate promotes compartmentalization of glycogen with the pentose phosphate pathway in CD8memory T cells為題,于 2025 年 6 月 10 日發表在了Molecular Cell期刊,黃波教授為論文通訊作者,助理研究員周雅博博士,博士生張超穎為共同第一作者。
葡萄糖-6-磷酸(G6P)是一種調控活性氧(ROS)穩態的關鍵代謝分子,它通過啟動磷酸戊糖途徑(PPP)生成煙酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸磷酸(NADPH),NADPH 通過提供氫將過氧化氫(H?O?)轉化為水,從而調控活性氧(ROS)穩態。
盡管葡萄糖磷酸化和糖原分解都會產生葡萄糖-6-磷酸(G6P),但在這項新研究中,研究團隊發現,在 CD8+記憶 T(Tm)細胞和炎性巨噬細胞中,源自糖原分解而非葡萄糖磷酸化的葡萄糖-6-磷酸(G6P)會流向磷酸戊糖途徑(PPP)以清除活性氧(ROS)。
從機制上來說,糖原分解產生的葡萄糖-1-磷酸(G1P)通過變構誘導葡萄糖-6-磷酸脫氫酶(G6PD)與糖原結合,二者共同發生液-液相分離(LLPS),并招募 PPP 相關酶,從而形成一個區室化反應級聯。基于機制闡明,研究團隊證明了 G1P 能夠通過調節小鼠腫瘤反應性 CD8+T 細胞的記憶適應性和維持作用,發揮抗腫瘤免疫治療劑的作用。
該研究的核心發現:
糖原分解產生的 G1P 變構激活戊糖磷酸途徑(PPP);
G1P 與 G6PD 結合并促進其寡聚化;
糖原的液-液相分離(LLPS)募集了 PPP 相關酶;
G1P 可作為免疫調節劑增強抗腫瘤 T 細胞免疫反應。
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總的來說,這些發現揭示了糖原代謝的一種不同尋常的功能,這對于細胞內磷酸戊糖途徑(PPP)的調節以及氧化還原平衡的維持至關重要。
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