提到碳水,很多人第一時間都會想到米飯、饅頭、面條、包子等,有些人覺得“吃碳水=容易胖”“碳水升血糖不健康”,因此選擇少吃或不吃主食,甚至斷掉碳水。
其實,碳水化合物是維持機體正常運作的三大能量營養素之一,碳水化合物也有質量高低之分。研究發現,高質量碳水化合物飲食對于減緩衰老、體重管理至關重要。
As low-carb diets remain popular worldwide, a growing body of scientific research is challenging the notion that all carbohydrates are unhealthy. While many people associate carbs with weight gain and blood sugar spikes, experts now stress the importance of distinguishing between high- and low-quality carbohydrates.
高質量碳水飲食或能減緩衰老
飲食與衰老密切相關。2025年1月《營養學雜志》上發表的一項研究顯示,高質量碳水化合物的飲食與減緩衰老相關,攝入高質量碳水化合物的飲食可以使表觀年齡衰老減緩1.2年。
對于其中的機制,研究指出,可以通過植物性飲食中各種營養素的作用來解釋,這些營養素有助于減少氧化和炎癥應激,從而影響DNA甲基化。
那么,吃了碳水抗衰老,卻長胖了怎么辦?實際上,高質量碳水不但不會胖,還有利于減肥。
A study published in
The Journal of Nutritionin January 2025 found that diets rich in high-quality carbohydrates were linked to slower biological aging. Specifically, individuals consuming the highest quality carbs showed a reduction in epigenetic aging equivalent to 1.2 years. Researchers believe this effect is largely due to the abundance of plant-based nutrients that help reduce oxidative stress and inflammation, both of which impact DNA methylation — a marker of aging.
圖源:視覺中國
2023年《英國醫學雜志》發表的一項研究表明,限制添加糖、含糖飲料、精制谷物和淀粉類蔬菜等低質量碳水的攝入,多吃全谷物、水果和非淀粉類蔬菜等高質量碳水,有助于控制體重。
Beyond aging, carbohydrates may also play a crucial role in weight control — when chosen wisely. A 2023 study published in
The BMJconcluded that reducing intake of low-quality carbohydrates, such as refined grains, added sugars, and sugary beverages, while increasing consumption of whole grains, fruits, and non-starchy vegetables, significantly aids in weight management.
哪些是高質量碳水化合物?
高質量碳水又被稱為“優質碳水”、“好碳水”,不僅能提供熱量,還能提供維生素、礦物質和其他有益成分。
So, what makes a carbohydrate "high-quality"? According to nutritionists, high-quality carbs — also known as "good carbs" — provide more than just calories. They come packed with fiber, vitamins, minerals, and beneficial plant compounds.
高質量碳水主要有以下這些:
?全谷物:包括糙米、玉米、黑米、薏米、莜麥、燕麥、蕎麥等,含有豐富的膳食纖維和其他營養素。
?薯類:土豆、紅薯、紫薯、木薯、芋頭、山藥等,膳食纖維含量較高。
?豆類:紅豆、蕓豆、綠豆、豌豆、鷹嘴豆等雜豆,蛋白質占比大,飽腹感強。
?高淀粉蔬菜:南瓜、藕等,含有大量有益健康的多糖。
?水果類:含有大量易吸收的果糖、葡萄糖,還有膳食纖維,適量吃對血糖影響不大。
圖源:視覺中國
哪些是低質量碳水化合物?
低質量碳水又被稱為“壞碳水”,幾乎只提供熱量,大多缺乏維生素、礦物質等營養素的食物,這類食物通常具有高油、高鹽或高糖的特點,味道較好,容易吃太多。
On the other hand, low-quality or "bad" carbs include foods that offer little more than empty calories, often paired with high levels of fat, sugar, or salt. These include fried potato snacks, sugary drinks like soda and bubble tea, and processed baked goods.
低質量碳水主要有以下這些:
?油炸薯類:包括薯條、薯片等。
?添加糖食物:如糕點、蛋糕、餅干等。
?含糖飲品:包括果汁、飲料、奶茶等。
那么,我們日常吃的精白米面屬于“好碳水”還是“壞碳水”?如果要減肥或控糖,到底能不能吃呢?
有人認為精白米面的升糖指數較高,屬于“壞碳水”。但有營養師介紹,精白米面好消化,對于腸胃功能較弱的人來說,腸胃負擔較小。如果主食全部攝入粗糧、薯類、雜豆類,會導致腹痛、腹脹等癥狀,因此粗細搭配才是正道。
White rice and refined flour products — staples in many diets — fall somewhere in the middle. While often labeled as "bad carbs" due to their high glycemic index, some nutritionists argue they are easier to digest and may be suitable for individuals with sensitive digestion. For optimal health, they recommend a balanced intake that mixes refined grains with whole grains and legumes.
主食怎么吃才最健康?
一日三餐應該如何均衡攝入高質量碳水呢?《中國居民膳食指南(2022版)》推薦:
?全谷物:推薦每天吃全谷物食物50-150克,相當于一天谷物的1/4-1/3。中國營養學會建議,成年人每天攝入谷類200-300克。
?蔬菜:餐餐有蔬菜,保證每天攝入不少于300克的新鮮蔬菜,深色蔬菜占1/2。深色蔬菜是指深綠色、紅色、橘紅色和紫紅色蔬菜。
?水果:天天吃水果,保證每天攝入200-350克的新鮮水果,果汁不能代替鮮果。首選應季水果,每天至少1-2種。
?豆類:雜豆可以和主食搭配食用,發揮膳食纖維、維生素B、鉀、鎂等均衡營養作用,提高蛋白質互補和利用。雜豆類搭配大米做成雜豆飯,豆餡搭配面粉做成美味的包子,蕓豆、花豆等還能做成美味的菜肴。
To help guide healthier choices, the
Chinese Dietary Guidelines (2022 Editions)recommend:
Whole grains: 50–150 grams per day, comprising roughly one-third of total grain intake
Vegetables: at least 300 grams daily, with half from dark-colored vegetables
Fruits: 200–350 grams daily, with whole fruits preferred over juice
Legumes: regular consumption, ideally paired with grains for better nutrient absorption
編輯:黎霈融
實習生:宋怡璇
來源:央視新聞
China Daily精讀計劃
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