This is the appearance of the J-10C carrying the Thunderbolt 15, and this time its target is the French Rafale fighter jet.

這是殲10C搭載霹靂15的樣子，而這次它的目標是法國的陣風戰斗機。

Firstly, the CDK03 warning system will share the detected targets with the J-10 fighter jet through a data link. Then the J-10 fighter jet will see the information provided by the early warning aircraft based on the situational awareness page. The target detected by the early warning aircraft is usually a small red circle.

首先CDK03預警機會先將探測到的目標通過數據鏈共享給殲10戰斗機。然后殲十戰斗機會根據態勢感知頁面看到預警機提供的信息，預警機探測到的地方目標一般情況下就是一個紅色的小圓形。

After receiving enemy target information provided by the early warning aircraft, the J-10 fighter will actively turn on its own radar. And detect in the direction of the red circle given by the warning aircraft.

有了預警機提供的敵方目標信息以后，此時的殲十戰斗機才會主動打開自身的雷達。并且向著預警機給出的紅色小圓圈的方向進行探測。

The radar page shows a small red triangle flying towards us. Then lock onto the target. After the target is locked in. The radar page will display a missile range high line. When the red triangle enters the range of the missile, C begins to launch the Thunderbolt 15 missile.

雷達頁面可以看到紅色的小三角正在朝著我們飛過來。然后鎖定目標。當目標鎖定后。雷達頁面會出現導彈射程高線。在紅色的小三角進入導彈射程以內的時候，便是C開始發射霹靂15導彈。

After launch, the initial flight trajectory of the Thunderbolt 15 missile usually climbs slightly. At this stage, the engine will use a large amount of solid fuel for initial acceleration of the missile in order to achieve a longer range.

霹靂15導彈在發射以后，剛開始的飛行軌跡通常會略微爬升。在這個階段發動機會使用大量的固體燃料，用于初始給導彈加速，以便獲得更遠的射程。

After launching the missile, the J-10C can directly turn off its radar, re-enter silent mode, or fly out of this airspace to enhance its stealth capability.

而發射導彈后的殲10C就可以直接關閉雷達，重新進入靜默模式，或者飛離這塊空域，提升自己的隱身性。

After the first stage of acceleration of the Thunderbolt 15 missile is completed, the engine will shut down. Then enter the gliding phase of inertial guidance and data link guidance in the middle section. At this stage, the early warning aircraft can provide data update guidance for the Thunderbolt 15 missile. The warning opportunity tells the missile which direction to fly. The missile will automatically update its flight trajectory without the need for the carrier J-10 to continuously guide it.

在霹靂15導彈第一段加速結束以后，發動機就會關閉。然后進入中段的慣性制導加數據鏈引導的滑翔階段。在這個階段預警機就可以為霹靂15導彈進行數據量更新引導。預警機會告訴導彈要往哪個方向飛行。導彈會自動的更新自己的飛行軌跡，而不再需要載機殲十去持續引導。

This is the bidirectional data link correction capability of Thunderbolt 15. When the Thunderbolt 15 missile was about to reach the vicinity of the enemy plane, the missile's active radar turned on. Independently lock the Rafale fighter jet, then quickly perform secondary ignition acceleration, use up all remaining solid fuel, increase the speed of the missile, and improve the kinetic energy and hit probability of the missile at the end. At the same time, with the guidance of the missile's own radar, the missile will use the proportional guidance method to predict in advance the route that the Rafale fighter will fly.

這個就是霹靂15的雙向數據鏈修正能力了。當霹靂15導彈快要到達敵機附近的時候，導彈自身的主動雷達開機。自主鎖定陣風戰機，然后迅速進行二次點火加速，將剩余的固體燃料全部用掉，把導彈的速度再加上去，提升導彈在末端的動能和命中概率。同時隨著導彈自身雷達的引導，導彈會按照比例引導法，提前預判陣風戰機要飛行的路線。

Then grab ahead of the Rafale fighter jet and give a precise report directly to the Rafale fighter jet. This is the general process of using J-10C and P15 to shoot down targets in system operations. This is the power of system cooperation.

然后搶在陣風戰斗機的前面，直接與陣風戰機來一個精準的報告。這個就是體系作戰下，殲10C搭配P15擊落目標的大致流程了。這就是體系合作的力量。

Now let's introduce his history and achievements.

下面我們介紹一下他的歷史和戰績。

PL-15 Missile: An Airborne Weapon Closely Linked to the U.S. and a Headache for India and Dassault's Rafale

PL-15導彈：與美國關聯密切且令印度和達索“陣風”戰機頭疼的空中利器

In fact, the development and deployment of this missile cannot be separated from the push of the United States.

實際上，這款導彈的研發與部署背后離不開美國的推動。

The history of the PL-15 missile can be traced back to before 2005. According to interviews with Chinese engineers and memoirs published in recent years, about 20 years ago, China noticed that the American company Raytheon proposed a new concept for air-to-air missiles, which later developed into the AIM-120D missile.

PL-15導彈的歷史可追溯至2005年之前。通過對中國工程師的訪談及近年出版的回憶錄可知，約20年前，中國注意到美國雷神公司提出了一種空空導彈的新概念，該概念后來發展成為AIM-120D導彈。

According to public promotional materials, this missile adopts an unprecedented "dual pulse solid rocket engine", which solves the problem of traditional missile terminal velocity decline and rapid reduction of lethality. It extends the effective range to over 200 kilometers, which is 50% higher than the previous model.

據公開宣傳資料顯示，這款導彈采用了前所未有的“雙脈沖固體火箭發動機”，解決了傳統導彈末端速度下降、殺傷力迅速減弱的問題，將有效射程延長至200公里以上，較前型提升了50%。

It also integrates multiple new technologies such as bidirectional data link and thrust vector control. Even more surprising is that its weight remains around 160 kilograms, making it suitable for almost all types of fighter jets. The missile was originally planned to be fully deployed by the US Air Force and Navy in 2013.

它還集成了雙向數據鏈、推力矢量控制等多項新技術。更令人驚訝的是，其重量保持在160公斤左右，幾乎適用于所有類型的戰斗機。該導彈原計劃于2013年在美國空軍和海軍全面部署。

At that time, China had just begun mass production of the latest model of PL-12 missile, but its range was only about 100 kilometers, heavier than AIM-120D, and its guidance system was more outdated. Even compared to the previous generation AIM-120C of the United States, it did not have an advantage.

當時，中國剛剛開始大規模生產最新型號的PL-12導彈，但其射程僅約100公里，重量比AIM-120D更重，制導系統也更為落后，即便與美國的上一代AIM-120C相比也不具優勢。

In China's vision, the confrontation between China and the United States in the future of fifth generation aircraft seems inevitable. If the gap in weapon capabilities is so large, Chinese pilots will face the fate of being 'slaughtered'.

在中國的設想中，中美五代機未來的對抗似乎不可避免。若武器能力差距如此之大，中國飛行員將面臨被“屠殺”的命運。

So, China hastily launched the PL-15 project with a clear goal: to reach the level of AIM-120D within ten years (without even considering surpassing it at that time).

于是，中國倉促啟動了PL-15項目，目標很明確：在十年內達到AIM-120D的水平（當時甚至未考慮超越）。

However, its technical requirements far exceeded China's capabilities at that time. An engineer recalled that over the course of six years, their development of a new "dual pulse solid state engine" suffered repeated setbacks, with 47 consecutive experimental failures. The project leader reported disappointedly to the superiors, "We cannot reach the level of the United States, and it is suggested to lower the technical requirements

然而，其技術要求遠超中國當時的能力。一位工程師回憶稱，在六年時間里，他們研發新型“雙脈沖固體發動機”屢屢受挫，連續47次試驗失敗。項目負責人失望地向上級匯報：“我們達不到美國水平，建議降低技術要求。”

After adjusting the maximum weight of the missile to "not exceeding 200 kilograms", research and development have finally made progress. In a test launch in 2013, the missile successfully intercepted its target and was able to maintain a speed of 5 Mach at a range of 200 kilometers, with a maximum range of 250 kilometers. The planned bidirectional data link, anti-interference, and high overload technologies were also successfully implemented.

在將導彈最大重量調整為“不超過200公斤”后，研發終于取得進展。2013年的一次試射中，該導彈成功攔截目標，在200公里射程處仍能保持5馬赫的速度，最大射程達250公里，計劃中的雙向數據鏈、抗干擾及高過載技術也成功實現。

The engineer recalled, "It was too difficult, but we ultimately succeeded. Unfortunately, the missile was longer and heavier than the original design, and due to technological limitations, we did not have the thrust vectoring technology of the United States. But fortunately, it was still able to fit into the internal weapon compartment of the J-20, at least effectively

這位工程師回憶道：“太難了，但我們最終成功了。遺憾的是，導彈比原設計更長、更重，由于技術限制，我們沒有美國的推力矢量技術。但幸運的是，它仍能裝入殲-20的內部武器艙，至少有效。”

But there was a dramatic twist in the plot. When developing the AIM-120D, Raytheon encountered almost the same problem as Chinese engineers: the planned "dual pulse solid rocket engine" could not work properly, and all the missiles produced were stacked in the warehouse and could not pass testing. After a three-year delay, the AIM-120D finally entered service in 2016 after changing propellant suppliers and modifying designs, but by this time the missile was vastly different from its initial concept.

但劇情出現了戲劇性轉折。雷神公司在研發AIM-120D時，遇到了與中國工程師幾乎相同的問題：計劃中的“雙脈沖固體火箭發動機”無法正常工作，生產出的導彈全部堆放在倉庫，無法通過測試。經過三年延遲，AIM-120D在更換新的推進劑供應商并修改設計后，于2016年終于服役，但此時該導彈與最初的概念已大相徑庭。

The "dual pulse solid rocket engine" has been cancelled and replaced with the same engine as the previous model; The bidirectional data link has been removed, the thrust vector control has been cancelled, and the anti-interference ability has also decreased. The most crucial thing is that the missile range has been reduced to 160 kilometers, with a maximum range of 180 kilometers.

“雙脈沖固體火箭發動機”被取消，取而代之的是與前型相同的發動機；雙向數據鏈被移除，推力矢量控制被取消，抗干擾能力也有所下降。最關鍵的是，導彈射程被削減至160公里，最大射程為180公里。

When the AIM-120D was deployed, the Chinese were shocked: "How is it different from what was advertised?"

當AIM-120D部署時，中國人震驚了：“怎么和宣傳的不一樣？”

In 2017, General Herbert Carlisle of the United States Air Force Air Combat Command stated during a congressional hearing that "the PL-15 has rendered all of our current fighter jets obsolete. ”

2017年，美國空軍空戰司令部的赫伯特·卡萊爾將軍在國會聽證會上表示：“PL-15讓我們目前所有的戰斗機都過時了。”

This is not an exaggeration. The Pentagon's simulation shows that when facing the J-20 equipped with PL-15 missiles, the F-35's survival rate drops by 60%. Aviation Weekly referred to it as a 'game changing weapon'. The Pentagon was forced to accelerate the progress of the AIM-260 program, a secret missile project that was unexpectedly exposed due to the Pentagon's urgent need for funding.

這并非夸大其詞。五角大樓的模擬顯示，當面對配備PL-15導彈的殲-20時，F-35的生存率下降了60%。《航空周刊》將其稱為“改變游戲規則的武器”。五角大樓被迫加速推進“ AIM-260”項目，這是一個秘密導彈項目，因五角大樓需要緊急申請資金而意外曝光。

However, some military experts and professional media believe that China's claimed technical parameters may be false and "simply impossible". After all, China's air-to-air missiles have almost no actual combat experience, and there is no precise data indicating that they have shot down enemy planes. Countries possessing these missiles are almost limited to China and Pakistan. Compared to similar weapons from the United States, Europe, and Russia, many air forces around the world consider China's missiles to be just a "minor role".

然而，一些軍事專家和專業媒體認為，中國宣稱的技術參數可能是虛假的，“根本不可能”。畢竟，中國的空空導彈幾乎沒有實戰經驗，也沒有確切數據表明其擊落過敵機，擁有這些導彈的國家幾乎僅限于中國和巴基斯坦。與美、歐、俄的同類武器相比，全球許多空軍認為中國的導彈只是“小角色”。

In 2025, during the India Pakistan conflict, the PL-15E launched by the Pakistani Air Force consecutively shot down India's Rafale, Su-30MKI, and Mirage 2000 fighter jets. Although India has consistently denied these losses, information from Dassault Systeme, Martin Baker (supplier of ejection seats), and social media confirms these shooting incidents, and US and European military monitoring agencies have also confirmed these achievements.

2025年，在印巴沖突中，巴基斯坦空軍發射的PL-15E連續擊落印度的“陣風”、蘇-30MKI和“幻影2000”戰機。盡管印度一直否認這些損失，但來自達索公司、馬丁·貝克公司（彈射座椅供應商）以及社交媒體的信息證實了這些擊落事件，美歐軍事監測機構也確認了這些戰果。

According to public information from the China Air Show, PL-15E is a simplified version of PL-15 with reduced propellant and a range of only 150 kilometers. However, the missile fragments found in India are from early production models dating back to 2015. These fragments appear deep within Indian territory, often reaching depths of tens of kilometers, proving that Pakistan launched missiles from 100-200 kilometers away, to the point where Indian radar was unable to detect or locate attack aircraft.

從中國航展的公開信息來看，PL-15E是PL-15的簡化版，推進劑減少，射程僅150公里。然而，在印度境內發現的導彈碎片來自2015年的早期生產型號，這些碎片出現在印度領土深處，往往深入數十公里，這證明巴基斯坦是從100-200公里外發射的導彈，以至于印度雷達無法探測或鎖定攻擊機。

Nowadays, no one doubts the technological level of the PL-15, which is considered the strongest air-to-air missile currently produced on a large scale worldwide. Its price is only half of similar international products, and China is even willing to sell production lines.

如今，沒人再懷疑PL-15的技術水平，它被認為是目前全球大規模生產的最強大空空導彈。其價格僅為國際同類產品的一半，中國甚至愿意出售生產線。

As of 2024, countries that have purchased PL-15E include Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates, and Myanmar, with Algeria, Iran, and Serbia also showing some interest.

截至2024年，購買PL-15E的國家包括巴基斯坦、沙特阿拉伯、阿聯酋和緬甸，阿爾及利亞、伊朗和塞爾維亞似乎也有一定興趣。

After the India Pakistan air battle, the capability of this missile shocked the world, and its customer base is likely to rapidly expand, which may mutually promote the sales of the J-10C fighter jet.

印巴空戰之后，這款導彈的能力震驚世界，其客戶群 likely 將迅速擴大，可能會與殲-10C戰斗機的銷售相互促進。