斗拱是中國古代木結構建筑中獨具特色的構件系統，主要用于承重與連接屋檐、梁柱，是中國建筑文化的象征之一。它由榫卯連接的小木構件層層出挑，結構嚴謹，形式多樣，不僅具有力學功能，也具有裝飾美感。斗拱的發展始于春秋戰國，隋唐時期趨于規范，宋代《營造法式》對其形制作了系統規定。它廣泛用于宮殿、寺廟、牌坊等重要建筑中，體現了中國古代“天人合一”的哲學思想與審美追求。如今，斗拱不僅作為古建筑修復的重要內容，也被廣泛應用于現代仿古建筑與文創設計中，展現出傳統工藝的當代表達。

參考翻譯

Dougong, a unique structural element in traditional Chinese timber architecture, serves both load-bearing and connective functions, particularly under eaves and between columns and beams. Composed of interlocking wooden brackets joined without nails, dougong features layered cantilevers and complex joinery that combine mechanical stability with ornamental elegance. Its origins trace back to the Spring and Autumn period, and its design became increasingly standardized during the Sui and Tang dynasties. The Song Dynasty’s Yingzao Fashi codified dougong construction in detail. Extensively used in palaces, temples, and ceremonial gateways, dougong reflects the Chinese philosophy of harmony between humans and nature. Today, it plays a vital role in ancient architectural restoration and inspires modern adaptations in neo-classical buildings and cultural-creative products, showcasing traditional craftsmanship in contemporary forms.

重點詞匯

詞匯

詞性

釋義

例句

dougong

n.

斗拱

The palace roofs are supported by elaborate dougong structures.

cantilever

n.

懸臂

Each cantilever bracket projects outward to balance the load.

mortise-and-tenon joint

n.

榫卯結構

Mortise-and-tenon joints

are used without nails or glue.

ornamental elegance

n.

裝飾美感

Dougong combines strength with ornamental elegance .

Yingzao Fashi

n.

《營造法式》

The Yingzao Fashi standardized ancient building techniques.

neo-classical

adj.

仿古的 / 新古典的

The museum entrance features a neo-classical wooden structure.

structural integrity

n.

結構穩固性

The layered brackets enhance structural integrity .

重點句型

1. serve both … and … functions
   斗拱兼具承重與連接作用。
   Dougong serves both load-bearing and connective functions.

2. be composed of … joined without …
   它由不用釘子的榫卯構件組成。
   It is composed of components joined without nails.

3. reflect … philosophy
   它體現了“天人合一”的建筑理念。
   It reflects the philosophy of harmony between humans and nature.

4. play a vital role in …
   在古建修復中，斗拱仍發揮重要作用。
   Dougong plays a vital role in ancient architectural restoration.

5. inspire … in …
   它啟發了現代仿古建筑與文創設計。
   It inspires modern adaptations in neo-classical architecture and cultural design.

• 專業性強的建筑術語：保留 dougong, mortise-and-tenon joint, Yingzao Fashi 等關鍵詞，體現學術嚴謹。

• 形式與功能并重：強調其結構作用的同時，突顯裝飾性和文化內涵。

• 時間脈絡分明：通過 trace back to, standardized during the Tang 等結構展示發展演變。

• 現代意義凸顯：通過 play a vital role, inspire modern adaptations 引出傳統工藝的當代表現。

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