近日,與金庸、黃霑、倪匡并稱為“香港四大才子”的著名作家蔡瀾,于2025年6月25日在香港養(yǎng)和醫(yī)院安詳離世。親友發(fā)出訃告:遵從先生意愿,為免叨擾親朋,不設(shè)任何儀式,遺體已火化。
消息傳出,四方唏噓,無(wú)數(shù)網(wǎng)友在社交媒體留言為蔡先生送別:“食盡煙火,笑別江湖,真正‘活過(guò)’的老先生,請(qǐng)一路走好。”
質(zhì)樸的話語(yǔ),與蔡先生一以貫之對(duì)生死的看淡,對(duì)人生際遇的灑脫不謀而合。生命的最后一刻,他走得從容,走得安然,或許這正是對(duì)他瀟灑一生最好的注腳。
蔡瀾1941年出生于新加坡,祖籍在廣東潮州,父親是邵氏兄弟在南洋影片公司的發(fā)行經(jīng)理蔡文玄。
因?yàn)樯谀涎螅谈刚f(shuō):“叫蔡南吧。”但考慮到家中有位長(zhǎng)輩的名字中也帶“南”字,又改為斑斕的“瀾”。
雖然寄希望于“人生斑斕”,但蔡瀾的童年其實(shí)相當(dāng)艱辛。當(dāng)時(shí)的祖國(guó)正處于抗日戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)時(shí)期,新加坡也未能幸免,在被日軍占領(lǐng)后,食物變得短缺,并產(chǎn)生嚴(yán)重的通貨膨脹,蔡瀾一家人很快陷入困境。
身為讀書(shū)人,蔡父有自己的傲骨,他不屑于利用職權(quán)去賺外快。母親洪芳娉雖然嗔怪丈夫是“和平時(shí)的君子,亂世中的窩 囊廢”,卻并未真的怨氣沖天。她一面教書(shū),一面采樹(shù)上的芒果腌制,拿到街市上去賣(mài),她還在游樂(lè)場(chǎng)開(kāi)了一家小百貨店,每天半夜摸黑進(jìn)貨。她的辛苦,為全家人掙來(lái)了活下去的口糧。
父親的風(fēng)骨,母親的堅(jiān)韌,對(duì)幼小的蔡瀾影響深遠(yuǎn)。他并不苦大仇深,而是很重視舌尖味蕾的享受,習(xí)慣于“活在當(dāng)下”。
蔡瀾一家人,后排中間為蔡瀾
有一年蔡瀾過(guò)生日,母親遵照潮州習(xí)俗,為他煮了紅雞蛋,可剛剝開(kāi)雞蛋皮,炸彈就在蔡瀾的屋頂響起。全家人往防空洞里跑時(shí),蔡瀾竟還不忘把雞蛋黃一口丟進(jìn)嘴里,“差點(diǎn)啃死!”
多年后,許知遠(yuǎn)在采訪中由衷感嘆:“在我的視野里,蔡瀾是最會(huì)享受人生的人。”
因?yàn)樽杂呻S性,整個(gè)青少年時(shí)期,蔡瀾沒(méi)少讓父母操心。他的數(shù)學(xué)經(jīng)常考不及格,一次一次地留級(jí)、轉(zhuǎn)校。他還屢屢裝病不去上學(xué),躲在被窩里看《三國(guó)演義》和《水滸傳》,或者去影院,把當(dāng)時(shí)放映的電影看了個(gè)遍。
因?yàn)闀?shū)和電影看得多,蔡瀾的文字功底很不錯(cuò)。14歲時(shí),他便在新加坡《南洋商報(bào)》上發(fā)表了影評(píng)《瘋?cè)嗽骸罚墓P之老辣,令很多人為之驚嘆。
四年后,蔡瀾赴日留學(xué),進(jìn)入日本大學(xué)藝術(shù)學(xué)部電影科編導(dǎo)系。讀書(shū)的同時(shí),他把邵氏公司在日本分區(qū)的業(yè)務(wù)擔(dān)了起來(lái),幫公司賺了不少錢(qián)。
蔡瀾(右)在邵氏公司設(shè)于日本的辦事處
有文化,有學(xué)歷,加上知根知底的“邵氏子弟”背景,畢業(yè)之后,蔡瀾很自然地進(jìn)入了香港邵氏電影本部工作。
60年代正是香港電影的黃金期,才華橫溢又風(fēng)華正茂的蔡瀾,趕上了這波紅利。
他傾注所有的時(shí)間精力,一邊擔(dān)任監(jiān)制、編劇,為電影縮減成本,一邊大力度提高產(chǎn)量,一年甚至能拍攝四部電影并全部上映。《獨(dú)臂刀》《飛刀手》等叫好又叫座的動(dòng)作電影,就出自于他的麾下。
進(jìn)入80年代后,蔡瀾又加盟嘉禾娛樂(lè)事業(yè)有限公司,監(jiān)制了《快餐車》《龍兄虎弟》《福星高照》《城市獵人》《霹靂火》等影片,打造出成龍、林正英等叱咤香港影壇的巨星,一路做到嘉禾副總裁的位置。
那時(shí)的他,是真真正正的——“春風(fēng)得意馬蹄疾,一日看盡長(zhǎng)安花”。
只是這樣的盛譽(yù)并不能讓蔡瀾完全滿意,一向豁達(dá)灑脫的他,居然對(duì)對(duì)友人傾訴:“我只是趕上了電影最容易賣(mài)的時(shí)候,但是作為一個(gè)有抱負(fù)的電影人,其實(shí)挺痛苦的。”
為什么會(huì)痛苦?因?yàn)楣亲永锓挪幌挛娜饲閼训牟虨懀幌胍恢北簧虡I(yè)片捆綁:99部片子賺錢(qián),就不能拍一部不那么賺錢(qián),卻立意高遠(yuǎn)、能夠長(zhǎng)存于世的經(jīng)典影片嗎?
可惜這項(xiàng)提議最終被公司高層否決了。蔡瀾在落寞之余,開(kāi)始認(rèn)真思考:電影是生意,是團(tuán)隊(duì)作業(yè),自己不能為了個(gè)人主義讓老板虧本,那究竟要做什么,自己的這份“個(gè)人主義”才能有存活的空間呢?
那一瞬間,他福至心靈:“那就寫(xiě)作唄!”
1980年,蔡瀾正式開(kāi)啟了自己的寫(xiě)作生涯。出乎所有人意料的是,他沒(méi)有繼續(xù)寫(xiě)自己擅長(zhǎng)的電影評(píng)論,而是選擇了一個(gè)與電影背道而馳的賽道——美食。
之所以這么選擇,首先是因?yàn)椴虨懺谧鲭娪氨O(jiān)制工作時(shí),長(zhǎng)年奔波于世界各地,嘗遍了各種美食。提起哪里的云吞面最好吃,哪里的牛肉河粉最筋道,他見(jiàn)解獨(dú)到,如數(shù)家珍。
另外,蔡瀾在日本留學(xué)的經(jīng)歷讓他意識(shí)到:食物美不美味關(guān)鍵在于制作者的態(tài)度。
剛?cè)ト毡緯r(shí),他覺(jué)得拉面是世界上最難吃的東西,煮點(diǎn)面,倒點(diǎn)醬油,那就是拉面。
可是幾十年過(guò)去,日本人憑借精益求精的態(tài)度,把拉面做成了日本的特色美食,推廣到了世界上的各個(gè)角落。
蔡瀾認(rèn)為,這份態(tài)度,正是食物美味的根源所在。
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進(jìn)入“食評(píng)”賽道后,蔡瀾憑借著對(duì)食物涉獵的廣度和品評(píng)過(guò)程的精細(xì)度,把美食專欄經(jīng)營(yíng)得風(fēng)生水起,積攢了自己的讀者群。
為了貼近讀者需求,他在選擇和介紹美食時(shí)從不以價(jià)格論英雄,也絕不在意他人的眼光,哪怕是路邊攤,只要足夠好吃,就值得品鑒。同時(shí),他的文章用語(yǔ)淺顯直白,篇幅簡(jiǎn)短精煉,方便讀者快速讀完,可以說(shuō)是傳統(tǒng)媒體人中,少有的掌控了“流量密碼”的寫(xiě)作者。
憑借著百分百的真情投入和獨(dú)樹(shù)一幟的寫(xiě)作風(fēng)格,僅僅在開(kāi)始寫(xiě)作的第一年,蔡瀾的稿費(fèi)收入已經(jīng)突破120萬(wàn)元,這在80年代可是一筆不小的數(shù)目。
見(jiàn)蔡瀾在寫(xiě)作上并非玩票,老友倪匡鄭重其事地把他推薦給了金庸。金庸很看重蔡瀾,特意在《明報(bào)》的副刊為他開(kāi)了一個(gè)長(zhǎng)期專欄,蔡瀾卻給專欄取名“草草不工”,形容自己的潦草和馬虎。
其實(shí)這只是蔡瀾的謙辭,對(duì)待寫(xiě)作,他一向有著錙銖必較的嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)。有餐廳邀請(qǐng)他去點(diǎn)評(píng)菜品,費(fèi)用全免。蔡瀾謝絕,他堅(jiān)持自掏腰包消費(fèi),畢竟“吃了別人的嘴短”,寫(xiě)出真實(shí)的感受,不欺瞞讀者,是他的底線。
在《明報(bào)》,蔡瀾的寫(xiě)作范圍漸漸由食評(píng)擴(kuò)展到了吃喝玩樂(lè)、男女情感,讀者群愈加龐大。
這些專欄文章,后來(lái)成為了蔡瀾出版的書(shū)籍的主要來(lái)源。
2005年,蔡瀾與山東畫(huà)報(bào)出版社合作出版《蔡瀾談吃》,第一次印了8000冊(cè),僅用了兩三個(gè)月便銷售一空不得不加印再版。
2008年出版的《蔡瀾食材字典》系列,也賣(mài)出了五萬(wàn)多冊(cè),這種銷量,在美食類書(shū)籍里傲視群雄。
除了專欄和出書(shū),蔡瀾針對(duì)美食業(yè)務(wù)的另一項(xiàng)投入是制作美食類節(jié)目。由他主持的《蔡瀾嘆名菜》,是TVB周收視率前五名的常客,最高收視率曾經(jīng)達(dá)到32%,意味著全香港700萬(wàn)人中有200萬(wàn)人觀看了此節(jié)目。
2012年,亞視為了提升收視率,也邀請(qǐng)蔡瀾來(lái)制作節(jié)目。有著40多年電影監(jiān)制經(jīng)驗(yàn)的蔡瀾深諳吸引觀眾之道,他的節(jié)目,從未讓觀眾和投資人失望過(guò)。
他還進(jìn)軍實(shí)體飲食業(yè),打造了自己的茶飲和點(diǎn)心品牌,推向市場(chǎng)后一炮而紅。
當(dāng)然,蔡瀾的才華絕不局限于美食品鑒,他在書(shū)法篆刻方面也有著很強(qiáng)的功力,曾師從書(shū)法篆刻泰斗馮康侯學(xué)習(xí),書(shū)法風(fēng)格自成一派,在北京和香港的榮寶齋均辦過(guò)書(shū)法展。
他亦主持過(guò)亞洲電視清談節(jié)目《今夜不設(shè)防》,訪問(wèn)過(guò)諸多明星嘉賓,節(jié)目散發(fā)的那種由內(nèi)而外的松弛感大受觀眾好評(píng),創(chuàng)下了70%的收視率,是同時(shí)段電視節(jié)目的最高紀(jì)錄。
金庸評(píng)價(jià)蔡瀾:“琴棋書(shū)畫(huà),財(cái)色酒氣,文學(xué)電影,什么都懂。于電影、詩(shī)詞、書(shū)法、金石、飲食之道,更可說(shuō)是第一流的通達(dá)。”能讓一代武俠宗師,才華輝映香港的金庸如此高看,蔡瀾的厲害程度可想而知。
網(wǎng)絡(luò)時(shí)代,蔡瀾也沒(méi)有落伍。80多歲的他,玩轉(zhuǎn)了抖音、豆瓣等各大平臺(tái),僅在微博就有1000多萬(wàn)粉絲,不遜色于當(dāng)紅明星。他曾開(kāi)玩笑“比香港的人口都多”。
為了回饋新老粉絲,每年農(nóng)歷新年前,蔡瀾都會(huì)開(kāi)放微博評(píng)論,直接和網(wǎng)友交流。無(wú)論是人生中的重大抉擇,還是難以啟齒的隱私,亦或是刁鉆古怪,甚至雞毛蒜皮的問(wèn)題,他都會(huì)給出誠(chéng)懇而精煉的答復(fù)。
網(wǎng)友:“活著挺累的。”
蔡瀾:“有誰(shuí)輕松過(guò)?”
網(wǎng)友:“我還可以相信愛(ài)情嗎?”
蔡瀾:“可以相信,不要迷信。”
網(wǎng)友:“一直找不到人生伴侶,成為大齡剩女了,怎么辦?”
蔡瀾:“又如何?”
網(wǎng)友:“生命的盡頭是死亡也是重生?先生怎么看?”
蔡瀾:“死了就死了,研究那么多干嘛。”
話語(yǔ)雖短,意蘊(yùn)卻深。
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