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加拿大英文教練(原溫哥華英文教練),致力于地道英文表達
Peter Rachman是波蘭裔猶太人,1939年德國入侵波蘭,隨后蘇聯參與瓜分波蘭。他參加了當地的抵抗組織,先后被德國、蘇聯囚禁。德國閃擊蘇聯后,Rachman同獄友一道逃脫,在中東和意大利與盟軍協同作戰。二戰后,他移民英國,50年代在倫敦西區(如諾丁山)購置大量廉價房產。他利用當時租房法律漏洞(如租金管制),通過暴力威脅、斷水斷電、縱容妓女和癮君子騷擾租戶等手段,逼迫原有低收入租戶搬離。之后,他再將房產拆成小間,然后租給更多租戶(以加勒比海移民居多,West Indie)。他打著幫助新移民的幌子招搖過市,曝得大名,結果是敲了這些新移民的竹杠,牟取暴利。(Rachman moved the protected tenants into a smaller concentration of properties or bought them out to minimise the number of tenancies with statutory rent controls. Houses were also subdivided into a number of flats to increase the number of tenancies without rent controls. Rachman filled the properties with recent migrants from the West Indies. Rachman's initial reputation, which he sought to promote in the media, was as someone who could help to find and provide accommodation for immigrants, but he was massively overcharging these West Indian tenants, as they did not have the same protection under the law as had the previous tenants)
他的行為沒有逃過當地警方的眼睛,從1959年開始,英國當局就開始對其進行調查,發現他的龐大帝國涉足了包括開設妓院等多個非法領域,他隨即被起訴。(A special police unit was set up to investigate Rachman in 1959 and uncovered a complex network of 33 companies he had set up to control his property empire. They also discovered Rachman was involved in prostitution, and he was prosecuted twice for brothel-keeping.)
1963年《衛報》記者揭露其商業帝國,稱Rachman這樣盤剝租客的模式為“Rachmanism”,該詞迅速成為剝削性房東行為的代名詞。工黨以此案例推動住房改革,抨擊保守黨住房政策失敗。次年,英國通過《租金法》,旨在對租客利益進行保護。(As full details of his criminal activities were revealed, there was a call for new legislation to prevent such practices. The Rent Act 1965 gave security of tenure to tenants in privately rented properties.)
Rachman一生沉溺于女色,他先后兩次心梗,1962年,43歲的他在倫敦一命嗚呼,沒有來得及看到自己的大名登堂入室進入英語字典的那天。
Rachmanism這個詞,你學會了嗎?特別注意不要把這個詞與Ranchman(農場經營者、農場工人)搞混。
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