jury
n.
陪審團
真題例句
1
Although women first served on state juries in Utah in 1898, it was not until the 1940s that a majority of states made women eligible for jury duty.
雖然早在1898年,已有婦女在猶他州擔任州陪審團,但直到20世紀40年代,大多數州才允許婦女擔任陪審員。
【2010·考研二·閱讀理解】
2
Although the Supreme Court of the United States had prohibited intentional racial discrimination in jury selection as early as the 1880 case of Strauder v.West Virginia, the practice of selecting so-called elite or blue-ribbon juries provided a convenient way around this and other antidiscrimination laws.
盡管美國最高法院早在1880年斯特勞斯訴訟西弗吉尼亞州的案件中就禁止在陪審團遴選中出現蓄意的種族歧視,但挑選所謂精英陪審團或一流陪審團的做法卻為避開這一禁令和其他反種族歧視法行徑提供了捷徑。
【2010·考研二·閱讀理解】
3
In some states, for example, jury duty was limited to persons of supposedly superior intelligence, education, and moral character.
例如,在一些州,陪審團的職責僅交付給一些人們普遍認為具有高智力、高教育水平和優秀道德品質的人。
【2010·考研二·閱讀理解】
4
In 1968, the Congress of the United States passed the Jury Selection and Service Act, ushering in a new era of democratic reforms for the jury.
1968年,美國國會通過了《陪審團遴選與服務法案》,開創了陪審團民主改革的新時代。
【2010·考研二·閱讀理解】
5
The Taylor decision also declared sex discrimination in jury selection to be unconstitutional and ordered states to use the same procedures for selecting male and female jurors.
泰勒的裁決還宣布在挑選陪審團成員時的性別歧視是違反憲法的,并要求各州在挑選男性和女性陪審員時采用同樣的程序。
【2010·考研二·閱讀理解】
6
This practice was justified by the claim that women were needed at home, and it kept juries unrepresentative of women through the 1960s.
他們為這種做法辯解,聲稱家里需要女性;于是,陪審團沒有女性代表的狀況持續了整個20世紀60年代。
【2010·考研二·閱讀理解】
7
Although the Supreme Court of the United States had prohibited intentional racial discrimination in jury selection as early as the 1880 case of Strauder v. West Virginia, the practice of selecting so-called elite or blue ribbon juries provided a convenient way around this and other.
雖然早在1880年,在西方的 Strauder v. West Virginia 案例中,美國的最高法院就已經禁止在選舉陪審團時存在有意識的種族歧視,但選舉所謂的精英陪審團的慣例卻提供了一條捷徑,繞開了各種各樣的反種族歧視法。
【2010·考研二·閱讀理解】
8
In the landmark 1975 decision Taylor vs Louisiana, the Supreme Court extended the requirement that juries be representative of all parts of the community to the state level.
在具有里程碑意義的1975年泰勒訴路易斯安那州的判決中,最高法院將陪審團代表社區所有人意志的要求擴大到州一級。
【2010·考研二·閱讀理解】
9
The jury is also said to be the best surviving example of direct rather than representative democracy.
陪審團也被視為現存的直接民主制的最佳典范,而非代議制民主的例子。
【2010·考研二·閱讀理解】
10
The system also failed to regularly include women on juries until the mid-20th century.
直到20世紀中期,該系統還沒有普遍地將女性納入陪審團。
【2010·考研二·閱讀理解】
11
Even then several states automatically exempted women from jury duty unless they personally asked to have their names included on the jury list.
即便如此,仍有幾個州自動免除了婦女擔任陪審員的職責,除非她們親自要求將自己的名字列入陪審團名單。
【2010·考研二·閱讀理解】
12
But as recently as in 1968, jury selection procedures conflicted with these democratic ideals.
但就在1968年,陪審團的遴選程序與這些民主理想發生了沖突。
【2010·考研二·閱讀理解】
詞根助記
jur(發誓)+ y → 在法庭上發誓的一群人 → 陪審團
在法律語境中,“jury”指的是由一組普通公民組成的法庭陪審團,主要職責是對案件的事實進行裁決,而不是對法律進行解釋或應用。因此,在法庭上的角色是非常重要的。
我們來看看“jury”這個詞的例句。
例句一:“The jury is still out on whether this new drug will be effective in treating cancer.”
這句話的意思是:“這種新藥是否能有效治療癌癥,陪審團還在討論中。”在這個例句中,“jury”被用作比喻,表示一種尚未確定的狀態。
例句二:“The judge instructed the jury to reach a unanimous verdict.”
這句話的意思是:“法官指示陪審團達成一致的裁決。”在這個例句中,“jury”被用來指代法庭上的陪審團。
例句三:“The defendant was found guilty by a jury of his peers.”
這句話的意思是:“被告被同儕陪審團判定有罪。”在這個例句中,“jury”同樣被用來指代法庭上的陪審團。
“jury”這個詞在考研英語真題中的應用非常廣泛,可以指代實際的法庭陪審團,還可以用作比喻。在學習英語時,不僅要掌握單詞的基本含義,還要學會靈活運用,這樣才能在考試中取得好成績。
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