紙箱子也有甲醛?這到底是怎么回事呢?
近期,有記者用甲醛濃度檢測儀隨機在某地的快遞驛站進行測試,對甲醛檢測的個別數值甚至是標準值的7倍之多,罪魁禍首就是紙箱和包裝。
A journalist conducted random tests at a local parcel pickup station and found formaldehyde levels up to seven times the safety limit, mainly due to cardboard boxes and packaging.
圖源:科普中國
別在家里囤這種東西
紙制品生產過程中常添加膠黏劑或涂層以增強強度、防潮和耐水。例如用于制作瓦楞紙箱的濕強膠,傳統的添加劑絕大部分屬于三醛樹脂類添加劑,三醛樹脂類添加劑是指脲醛樹脂、酚醛樹脂、三聚氰胺甲醛樹脂及其改性膠黏劑。
Formaldehyde-based adhesives and coatings are routinely added during paper manufacturing to improve durability and water resistance. Common examples include wet-strength adhesives used in corrugated cardboard production.
此類添加劑因其滲透力不夠,難以滿足高強紙、施膠紙及特殊紙張的貼合要求,且大都含有甲醛,在市場上的占有份額正逐步縮減,但目前仍在廣泛使用。工業資料顯示,生產商曾將膠黏劑中“游離甲醛”(free formaldehyde)的含量從約0.3% 降低到低于0.1%,以符合國際法規。但這也意味著新紙箱在封裝或存放過程中,仍可能緩慢釋放甲醛。
圖源:視覺中國
因此,當大量新紙箱、壁紙或涂有防水層的紙制品堆放在狹小空間,就有可能造成甲醛污染,尤其在高溫、高濕環境下,甲醛揮發速度會加快。
Industrial data shows that manufacturers have reduced free formaldehyde in adhesives from about 0.3 percent to below 0.1 percent to meet international regulations. However, this still allows gradual formaldehyde emissions from new cardboard boxes during storage.
Storing large quantities of new cardboard boxes, wallpaper or waterproof-coated paper products in confined spaces can lead to formaldehyde pollution. This risk grows in high-temperature and high-humidity environments, where formaldehyde release accelerates.
無醛不成膠?
有一種說法叫“無醛不成膠”,這是因為作為膠黏劑原料,甲醛廣泛存在于家居建材、紙制品和紡織品等多種日用品中,這句話說的就是甲醛在膠黏劑領域的重要性。不過人們也一直在想方設法少用甲醛,現在也已經開發出了一些完全不使用甲醛的無醛膠,至此,無醛不成膠的老話自然也就過時了,更不能拿這句話當甲醛超標的借口了。不過,因為成本等原因,現在很多膠中仍然需要用到甲醛。
The saying "no glue without formaldehyde" highlights its key role in adhesives for building materials, paper, and textiles. Although formaldehyde-free glues exist, many adhesives still contain it due to cost.
那為什么要想辦法不用甲醛呢?一個重要原因是它有“毒”。
甲醛屬于一類致癌物,已被世界衛生組織確定為致癌致畸形物質及潛在的強致突變物之一,同時也是中國有毒化學品優先控制名單中的物質。
國家標準《室內空氣質量標準》(GB/T 18883-2022)規定,甲醛一小時平均濃度不得高于 0.08 mg/m3,而含有甲醛的材料若大量使用或通風不良,室內濃度會顯著上升,所以紙箱子堆多了又不好好通風,就可能出現甲醛超標的情況。
Formaldehyde is toxic and classified by the WHO as a carcinogen and mutagen. China's standard limits formaldehyde to 0.08 mg/m3 per hour. Poor ventilation and large amounts of cardboard or similar materials can cause indoor formaldehyde levels to exceed this limit.
如何減少家中的甲醛來源?
那么,該如何減少家中甲醛污染的風險呢?
▌選購低排放產品
首先要重視裝修方面的問題,購買家具或裝修材料時,根據國家強制標準《室內裝飾裝修材料人造板及其制品中甲醛釋放限量》(GB 18580—2025)和《人造板及其制品甲醛釋放量分級》(GB/T 39600-2021),室內人造板的人造板甲醛釋放標準分級為幾級,應選擇E1級及以上材料,而板材制品應達到E0級。
▌避免囤積新紙箱
新拆封的快遞紙箱、尼龍袋等包裝含有膠黏劑和印刷涂層,應盡快清理或放置在通風處使其散味,或者直接在快遞站拆掉包裝并扔掉,不宜長期囤積于臥室或狹小空間。
▌加強通風
甲醛釋放量與溫度和濕度正相關。開窗通風、使用排風扇或空氣凈化器,可降低室內甲醛濃度。
▌定期檢測
若懷疑室內有甲醛污染,可使用經認證的檢測儀器或委托專業機構檢測。
To reduce indoor formaldehyde risks, choose low-emission renovation materials that comply with national standards. Avoid stockpiling new cardboard boxes or nylon packaging. Improve ventilation by opening windows or using air purifiers, especially in warm, humid conditions. If pollution is suspected, use certified detectors or consult professionals for testing.
編輯:李金昳
實習生:李然
來源:科普中國 新華社
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