喝有水垢的水易得腎結(jié)石、頻繁洗頭致脫發(fā)、傷口須用酒精消毒……這些說(shuō)法是真是假?如何科學(xué)判定真假?國(guó)家衛(wèi)生健康委近日通過(guò)官方渠道,針對(duì)多個(gè)常見誤區(qū),邀請(qǐng)國(guó)家健康科普專家?guī)斐蓡T進(jìn)行針對(duì)性科普。
China's National Health Commission through official channels recently debunked a few commonly held health myths, including whether hard water causes kidney stones and if frequent hair washing leads to hair loss and so on.
誤區(qū)一:
頻繁洗頭會(huì)導(dǎo)致脫發(fā)
有人習(xí)慣每天洗頭發(fā),尤其是在炎炎夏日,那么頻繁洗頭會(huì)導(dǎo)致頭發(fā)脫落嗎?
醫(yī)生表示,勤洗頭并不會(huì)導(dǎo)致脫發(fā)。相反,保持頭皮清潔對(duì)維護(hù)頭發(fā)及頭皮健康至關(guān)重要。
據(jù)介紹,對(duì)于正常人來(lái)說(shuō),頭發(fā)的脫落主要是由于毛囊進(jìn)入休止期后的自然脫落,而不是因?yàn)轭l繁洗頭。病理狀態(tài)下的脫發(fā)可能關(guān)系到免疫、遺傳、激素水平、精神應(yīng)激、營(yíng)養(yǎng)狀態(tài)和某些藥物的副作用等。與這些因素相比,洗頭的影響微乎其微。
適度洗頭可以清除頭皮上的過(guò)多皮脂、灰塵和脫落的死亡細(xì)胞,有助于保持頭皮健康。
Regarding hair loss, dermatologists clarify that frequent washing doesn't trigger shedding. Healthy hair loss occurs when follicles enter the resting phase, unrelated to washing frequency. Pathological hair loss stems from immunity, genetics, hormones, stress, nutrition, or medication side effects. Regular cleansing removes excess sebum and dead cells, benefiting scalp health.
誤區(qū)二:
喝有水垢的水容易得腎結(jié)石
水垢,是水里的鈣離子、鎂離子與碳酸氫鹽在加熱過(guò)程中反應(yīng)生成的碳酸鈣和氫氧化鎂沉淀。
水中的礦物質(zhì)含量越高,水的硬度越大,即常說(shuō)的“硬水”。國(guó)際上通常用碳酸鈣的含量來(lái)衡量水的硬度,單位是毫克每升(mg/L),當(dāng)水的硬度高于200mg/L時(shí),燒水時(shí)易產(chǎn)生水垢。水垢進(jìn)入人體后,部分可被分解,未被分解的成分也能通過(guò)代謝排出體外。
醫(yī)生提示,對(duì)于健康人群,飲用硬水并不會(huì)直接導(dǎo)致腎結(jié)石。若飲水量不足,尿液濃縮反而會(huì)增加泌尿系統(tǒng)結(jié)石的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。
Concerning hard water (water hardness >200mg/L calcium carbonate), doctors confirm it doesn't directly cause kidney stones in healthy individuals. The real risk lies in inadequate hydration, which concentrates urine. Scale deposits are either broken down or excreted metabolically.
誤區(qū)三:
傷口必須用酒精才能徹底消毒
當(dāng)出現(xiàn)外傷時(shí),很多人習(xí)慣用酒精消毒傷口,甚至認(rèn)為“傷口越疼,消毒就越徹底”。其實(shí)這是一個(gè)誤區(qū)。
醫(yī)生表示,醫(yī)用酒精適用于無(wú)破損的皮膚消毒,比如手術(shù)前的術(shù)區(qū)消毒、日常生活中的手消毒等。對(duì)于傷口的消毒,建議選擇不含酒精的醫(yī)用碘伏消毒液,其優(yōu)點(diǎn)是對(duì)創(chuàng)面刺激性小、殺菌效率高。
醫(yī)生提示,醫(yī)用酒精確實(shí)是非常好的消毒劑,有效消毒濃度為75%,低了高了都會(huì)嚴(yán)重影響消毒效果。但是,醫(yī)用酒精也是“敵我不分”的消毒液,不僅會(huì)殺滅傷口里的病原微生物,還會(huì)破壞傷口處的健康組織細(xì)胞,進(jìn)而影響傷口愈合,甚至導(dǎo)致瘢痕形成。
For wound care, medical alcohol (75 percent concentration) should only disinfect intact skin. Iodophor is recommended for open wounds as it's less irritating yet highly effective. Alcohol indiscriminately destroys pathogens and healthy tissue, impairing healing and potentially causing scarring.
誤區(qū)四:
抗過(guò)敏藥容易依賴,能不用就不用
醫(yī)生表示,使用抗過(guò)敏藥并不會(huì)產(chǎn)生依賴。
據(jù)介紹,過(guò)敏時(shí)出現(xiàn)的鼻子癢、打噴嚏、皮疹風(fēng)團(tuán)等癥狀,主要與一種叫“組胺”的炎癥物質(zhì)有關(guān)。組胺需與H1受體結(jié)合,才會(huì)引發(fā)過(guò)敏反應(yīng)。氯雷他定、西替利嗪等抗組胺類抗過(guò)敏藥的作用原理,正是阻斷兩者的結(jié)合,從而減輕過(guò)敏癥狀。這類藥物既不會(huì)導(dǎo)致生理或精神依賴,停藥后也無(wú)戒斷反應(yīng)。若停藥后過(guò)敏癥狀反復(fù),很可能是因?yàn)檫^(guò)敏尚未得到有效控制。
On antihistamines like loratadine and cetirizine, physicians emphasize they cause no dependency. These block histamine from binding to H1 receptors, alleviating allergies. Symptoms recurring post-treatment indicate uncontrolled allergies, not withdrawal. Rational use prevents complications.
醫(yī)生提示,合理使用抗過(guò)敏藥是控制過(guò)敏癥狀、預(yù)防并發(fā)癥的重要手段。盲目擔(dān)心藥物依賴而拒絕規(guī)范用藥,甚至擅自停藥,可能會(huì)加重病情。
誤區(qū)五:
動(dòng)物油比植物油更容易讓人發(fā)胖
醫(yī)生表示,某一種食物會(huì)不會(huì)讓人發(fā)胖,主要看其能量的含量。同等重量的動(dòng)物油與植物油所含能量幾乎一致,因此,在攝入量相同的前提下,兩者導(dǎo)致人發(fā)胖的“能力”并無(wú)本質(zhì)差異,并不存在哪種油“更容易讓人發(fā)胖”的說(shuō)法。
一方面,動(dòng)物油如豬油、牛油等,因其獨(dú)特的化學(xué)和物理特性,如飽和脂肪酸含量高、香氣濃郁等,在烹飪中更易賦予食物醇厚的風(fēng)味,讓人食欲大增,不自覺過(guò)量進(jìn)食。而“吃得多”才是導(dǎo)致能量過(guò)剩、誘發(fā)肥胖的關(guān)鍵因素。
另一方面,很多人誤以為植物油不會(huì)讓人發(fā)胖,因此在使用時(shí)不注意控制用量。實(shí)際上,過(guò)度攝入植物油,同樣會(huì)因能量蓄積引發(fā)肥胖。
Finally, animal and vegetable oils contain equal calories per gram. Neither is inherently more fattening. Animal fats' rich flavor may promote overeating, while unrestricted plant oil intake equally causes weight gain via caloric surplus.
來(lái)源:共青團(tuán)中央 新華視點(diǎn) 央視一套 新華社客戶端等
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